Hard tube endoscope is not damaged in the process of operation. Although it will contact and bump with human tissues such as muscles, mucous membranes, bones, etc., these bumps are slight and will not cause damage to the endoscope, because it only plays the role of observation, not the force point of other instruments. However, when using other instruments, especially the forceps and scissors with large bite force, it should be noted that the front end of the mirror tube should not extend into the occlusion area of the instrument, so as to avoid injury to the mirror tube. When using this kind of equipment, sometimes doctors extend the endoscope very close to the tissue in order to see clearly the tissue in the occlusal area. When the equipment is occluded, the endoscope does not return and injures the endoscope by mistake. During the operation, if the occlusal mouth of the instrument is all within the scope of observation of the endoscope, such accidents can be avoided.

有些手术窥镜是在鞘管内使用，在更换其他角度窥镜或插拔器械时，应注意动作要轻，不可用力过猛。尤其是插拔窥镜过程中，当遇到阻力拔不动时应仔细查找原因，必要时应连同鞘管一起拔取，不要用蛮力。

Some surgical speculums are used in the sheath. When replacing other angle speculums or inserting and unplugging instruments, it should be noted that the movement should be light and the force should not be too strong. Especially in the process of inserting and pulling out the endoscope, when the resistance is encountered, the reason should be carefully found out. If necessary, the endoscope should be pulled out together with the sheath tube, and do not use brute force.

当窥镜配合激光汽化、高频电切、微波等光电技术进行手术时，应注意窥镜前端与治疗点的距离，保证窥镜前端不被电击或烧灼。使用这些器械时，主刀医生应反复练习，掌握窥镜图像中物距和实际物距的关系，确认窥镜前端与治疗点的近距离，以便在实际手术中应用自如。

When the endoscope is operated with laser vaporization, high-frequency electric cutting, microwave and other photoelectric technologies, attention should be paid to the distance between the front end of the endoscope and the treatment point to ensure that the front end of the endoscope is not shocked or burned. When using these instruments for the first time, the surgeon should practice repeatedly, master the relationship between the object distance and the actual object distance in the endoscope image, and confirm the closest distance between the front end of the endoscope and the treatment point, so as to apply them freely in the actual operation.

目前在耳鼻喉科、骨科的临床手术中已经广泛使用刨削器来切除病变组织。其刀头锋利、硬度高、旋转速度快、力矩大，如果削到内窥镜，窥镜必损无疑。在此类手术中要注意调整冲洗和吸引的速度，随时保证窥镜图像清晰不被血污遮挡，控制刀头的旋转部分始终在窥镜的观察范围内，在手术范围较大时，应先停止刀头转动，再移动窥镜，然后在窥镜监视下移动刀头，到合适部位后再开机刨削。当感觉到刨刀工作异常或照度突然降低时，有可能窥镜已经受损，应及时更换，以免造成更大损失。

At present, in the clinical operation of Otolaryngology and orthopedics, planer has been widely used to remove pathological tissue. It has sharp blade, high hardness, fast rotation speed and large torque. If it is cut to the endoscope, the endoscope will be damaged. In this kind of operation, we should pay attention to adjust the speed of flushing and attraction, ensure the clear image of the endoscope at any time and not be covered by blood stain, control the rotating part of the knife head to always be within the scope of observation of the endoscope, when the scope of operation is large, we should stop the rotation of the knife head first, then move the endoscope, then move the knife head under the supervision of the endoscope, and then start the planing after reaching the appropriate position. When it is felt that the planer is working abnormally or the illumination suddenly decreases, it is possible that the endoscope has been damaged, so it should be replaced in time to avoid greater loss.

一般重要手术，应有一套备用窥镜和关键器械，在发现问题时可以从容地更换；如果使用角度不合适的窥镜或不配套的器械勉强手术，也容易造成窥镜的损坏。

For general important operations, there should be a set of spare endoscopes and key equipment, which can be replaced calmly when problems are found; if the use of the endoscope with inappropriate angle or non matching equipment is forced to operate, it is also easy to cause damage to the endoscope.

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