关于医用内窥镜的起源与发展我们可以总结成这四大阶段，第一阶段为硬式内窥镜阶段，第二阶段为半屈式内窥镜阶段，第三阶段为光导纤维内窥镜阶段，第四阶段为电子内窥镜阶段。下面就为你详细介绍这四个发展阶段。
The origin and development of medical endoscopy can be summarized into four stages: the first stage is hard endoscopy, the second stage is half bent endoscopy, the third stage is optical fiber endoscopy, and the fourth stage is electronic endoscopy. Here is a detailed introduction to these four stages of development.
第一阶段为硬式内窥镜阶段：时间大概在1806--1932之间，它是由德国人Philipp Bozzini首次发明的，当时的科技不发达，可以说是落后，他就使用蜡烛和一系列镜片组合成一套“内窥镜”。当时只用于检查膀胱和尿道。在1895年的时候，一个叫Rosenhein的人它对硬式内窥镜进行了改进，特别是设置了3根呈同心圆状的管子。在1911年的时候，一个叫Elsner的人对Rosenhein的内窥镜进行了改造和改良。在1806--1932年之间，硬式内窥镜可谓是风靡这一时期。
The first stage is the hard endoscope stage: it was first invented by Philipp bozzini of Germany between 1806 and 1932. At that time, the technology was underdeveloped, which can be said to be backward. He used candles and a series of lenses to form a set of "endoscope". At that time, it was only used for bladder and urethra examination. In 1895, a man named rosenhein improved the rigid endoscope, especially three concentric tubes. In 1911, a man named Elsner modified rosenhein's endoscope. Between 1806 and 1932, rigid endoscopes became popular.
第二阶段为半屈式内窥镜阶段：时间在1932—1957年之间，其实在1928年到1932年的时候Schindler和Georg Wolf联合发明了胃镜。
The second stage is the half flexion endoscope stage: the time is from 1932 to 1957. In fact, Schindler and Georg wolf jointly invented gastroscope from 1928 to 1932.
第三阶段为光导纤维内窥镜阶段：从1957年发展以来沿用至今。在1954年的时候，英国人Hopkins和Kapany联合发明了光导纤维技术。在1957年时，Hirschowitz发明了光导纤维内窥镜。并在日后不断的发展，配置也在不断的改进，现在的光导纤维内窥镜应该说是越来越先进了。
The third stage is the optical fiber endoscope stage: it has been used since 1957. In 1954, the British Hopkins and kapany jointly invented the optical fiber technology. In 1957, hirschowitz invented the optical fiber endoscope. With the continuous development and improvement of configuration in the future, the optical fiber endoscope is becoming more and more advanced.
第四阶段为电子内窥镜阶段：在1983年电子内窥镜的诞生以来，得到了很大的反响，它具有高性能的摄像镜头，可以拍下或录下高清影像，极大的提高了医护人员的判断力。
The fourth stage is the electronic endoscope stage: since the birth of the electronic endoscope in 1983, it has received great response. It has a high-performance camera lens, which can take or record high-definition images, greatly improving the judgment of medical staff.
从以上医用内窥镜的发展来看，在短短的一个世纪内，内窥镜能发展到现在这样的高科技水平，并且极大的提高了我们的医术。
From the above development of medical endoscopes, in a short period of a century, endoscopes can develop to such a high-tech level, and greatly improve our medical skills.
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