常见故障及原因

Common faults and causes

图像问题

Image issues

图像模糊：可能是镜头污染，如附着有灰尘、污渍、血液等；也可能是光学系统损坏，像物镜、目镜等部件出现磨损、移位或损坏；还可能是 CCD/CMOS 图像传感器故障，例如老化、损坏或连接不良。

Image blur: It may be due to lens contamination, such as dust, stains, blood, etc; It may also be due to damage to the optical system, such as wear, displacement, or damage to components such as the objective lens and eyepiece; It may also be a malfunction of the CCD/CMOS image sensor, such as aging, damage, or poor connection.

图像有黑斑或暗角：通常是光源问题，如灯泡老化、损坏，导致光照不均匀；或者是导光纤维断裂、损坏，影响光线传输；也可能是镜头内部有杂物遮挡。

Images with black spots or dark corners: usually caused by light source issues, such as aging or damaged light bulbs, resulting in uneven lighting; Or the light guiding fiber may break or be damaged, affecting the transmission of light; It could also be due to debris blocking the inside of the lens.

图像闪烁或不稳定：可能是电源供应不稳定，如电源适配器故障、电池电量不足或接触不良；或者是图像传感器的连接线松动、接触不良；还可能是电子控制板出现故障，导致信号处理不稳定。

Image flickering or instability: It may be due to unstable power supply, such as power adapter failure, low battery level, or poor contact; Or the connection wire of the image sensor may be loose or have poor contact; It is also possible that the electronic control board has malfunctioned, causing unstable signal processing.

机械故障

mechanical failure

插入管弯曲或扭曲：多是由于使用过程中操作不当，如过度弯曲、受到外力挤压或碰撞；长期使用后插入管的材质老化、疲劳也可能导致这种情况。

Bending or twisting of insertion tube: often due to improper operation during use, such as excessive bending, external compression or collision; The aging and fatigue of the material of the inserted tube after long-term use may also lead to this situation.

活检钳管道堵塞：常因活检过程中组织碎片、血液等异物进入管道，未及时清理而堆积堵塞；或者是管道内壁磨损、变形，导致异物容易残留。

Biopsy forceps tube blockage: Often caused by foreign objects such as tissue fragments and blood entering the tube during the biopsy process, which are not cleaned in time and accumulate and block; Or the wear and deformation of the inner wall of the pipeline may lead to the easy retention of foreign objects.

旋钮操作不灵活：可能是旋钮内部的机械结构磨损、生锈；或者有杂物进入旋钮缝隙，阻碍了正常转动；也可能是连接旋钮与内部部件的传动装置出现故障。

The knob operation is not flexible: it may be due to wear and rust of the mechanical structure inside the knob; Or there may be debris entering the gap of the knob, hindering normal rotation; It is also possible that the transmission device connecting the knob and internal components has malfunctioned.

电气故障

Electrical malfunction

设备无法开机：可能是电源开关损坏；或者是保险丝熔断，通常是由于电路短路、过载等原因引起；也可能是主板故障，如主板上的元件损坏、电路断路等。

The device cannot be turned on: it may be due to a damaged power switch; Or a blown fuse, usually caused by short circuits, overloads, or other reasons in the circuit; It could also be a motherboard malfunction, such as damaged components or open circuits on the motherboard.

部分功能失灵：比如灯光调节功能失效，可能是灯光控制电路故障；图像冻结功能异常，可能是相关的控制芯片或电路出现问题。这一般是由于电子元件老化、损坏，或者电路连接不良导致。

Partial functional failure: For example, if the light adjustment function fails, it may be due to a malfunction in the light control circuit; The image freezing function is abnormal, which may be due to a problem with the related control chip or circuit. This is usually caused by aging, damage to electronic components, or poor circuit connections.

维修方法和注意事项

Maintenance methods and precautions

清洁与保养

Cleaning and maintenance

定期清洁：每次使用后，应及时对内窥镜进行清洁。用柔软的湿布擦拭插入管、操作部等外部表面，去除污垢和血迹。对于镜头，使用专用的镜头清洁液和镜头纸轻轻擦拭，注意要顺着一个方向擦拭，避免刮伤镜头。

Regular cleaning: The endoscope should be cleaned promptly after each use. Wipe the external surfaces of the insertion tube, operating part, etc. with a soft damp cloth to remove dirt and blood stains. For the lens, use specialized lens cleaning solution and lens paper to gently wipe it in one direction to avoid scratching the lens.

管道清洗：对于活检钳管道等内部通道，使用专用的清洗刷和清洗液进行冲洗，确保管道内无异物残留。清洗后，用压缩空气将管道吹干，防止水分残留导致细菌滋生和管道腐蚀。

Pipeline cleaning: For internal channels such as biopsy forceps, use specialized cleaning brushes and cleaning solutions to flush them to ensure that there are no foreign objects remaining in the pipeline. After cleaning, dry the pipeline with compressed air to prevent bacterial growth and pipeline corrosion caused by residual moisture.

存放环境：内窥镜应存放在干燥、通风良好的专用存放柜中，避免阳光直射和潮湿环境。存放时，应将插入管自然放置，避免过度弯曲和挤压。

Storage environment: Endoscopes should be stored in a dry, well ventilated dedicated storage cabinet, away from direct sunlight and humid environments. When storing, the insertion tube should be placed naturally to avoid excessive bending and compression.

零部件更换

Component replacement

确认故障部件：在更换零部件前，需要通过详细的检查和测试，准确判断出故障部件。可以参考设备的维修手册，利用专业的检测工具，如万用表、示波器等，对电路和部件进行检测。

Confirm the faulty component: Before replacing the component, it is necessary to conduct detailed inspection and testing to accurately identify the faulty component. You can refer to the equipment maintenance manual and use professional testing tools such as multimeters, oscilloscopes, etc. to inspect circuits and components.

选择合适的零部件：更换的零部件应与原设备的型号和规格匹配。尽量选择原厂正品零部件，以确保设备的性能和质量。如果使用非原厂零部件，要注意其质量和兼容性，避免对设备造成进一步损坏。

Choose appropriate components: The replaced components should match the model and specifications of the original equipment. Try to choose genuine parts from the original factory to ensure the performance and quality of the equipment. If non original parts are used, attention should be paid to their quality and compatibility to avoid further damage to the equipment.

更换操作：在更换零部件时，要严格按照维修手册的步骤进行操作。操作过程中，要注意静电防护，避免静电对电子元件造成损坏。更换完成后，要进行测试和校准，确保设备恢复正常运行。

Replacement operation: When replacing parts, strictly follow the steps in the maintenance manual. During the operation, attention should be paid to electrostatic protection to avoid damage to electronic components caused by static electricity. After the replacement is completed, testing and calibration should be carried out to ensure that the equipment returns to normal operation.

校准与调试

Calibration and Debugging

图像校准：更换图像传感器或光学部件后，需要进行图像校准。通过专业的校准设备和软件，调整图像的清晰度、色彩、对比度等参数，使图像达到最佳效果。

Image calibration: After replacing the image sensor or optical components, image calibration is required. By using professional calibration equipment and software, adjust the clarity, color, contrast and other parameters of the image to achieve the best effect.

机械校准：对于插入管的弯曲度、旋钮的操作精度等机械部分，也需要进行校准。使用专用的校准工具，调整机械部件的位置和参数，确保其操作灵活、准确。

Mechanical calibration: Calibration is also required for mechanical parts such as the bending degree of the insertion tube and the precision of the knob operation. Use specialized calibration tools to adjust the position and parameters of mechanical components, ensuring their flexible and accurate operation.

电气调试：在维修电气故障后，要对设备的电气性能进行调试。检查电源电压是否稳定，各功能电路的工作是否正常，信号传输是否顺畅等。

Electrical debugging: After repairing electrical faults, the electrical performance of the equipment should be debugged. Check if the power supply voltage is stable, if all functional circuits are working properly, and if signal transmission is smooth.

内窥镜设备维修需要专业的知识和技能，维修人员应具备相关的培训和经验。在维修过程中，要严格遵守操作规程和安全规范，确保维修工作的质量和安全。

The maintenance of endoscopic equipment requires professional knowledge and skills, and maintenance personnel should have relevant training and experience. During the maintenance process, it is necessary to strictly follow the operating procedures and safety regulations to ensure the quality and safety of the maintenance work.