一）机械扇扫探头
1） Mechanical fan scan probe
这是一个将单个圆盘形振子(其直径为12mm—20mm)安置在扇形摆动架上，由电机驱动作扇形摆动扫描的机械扇扫探头。美国HP SONOS-CF彩色超声诊断仪配用的2.5MHz到7.5MHz的七种频率的机械扇扫探头的外形。机械扇扫探头的前端内部装有高速旋转的超声振子，外面是一个半球面形的探测面，它是由具有良好的透射性和耐磨性的材料构成。
This is a mechanical sector scanning probe that places a single disk vibrator (with a diameter of 12mm-20mm) on the sector swing frame and is driven by a motor for sector swing scanning. The shape of mechanical sector scan probe with seven frequencies from 2.5MHz to 7.5MHz used by HP sonos-cf color ultrasonic diagnostic instrument in the United States. The front end of the mechanical fan scan probe is internally equipped with a high-speed rotating ultrasonic vibrator, and the outside is a hemispherical detection surface, which is composed of materials with good transmission and wear resistance.
机械扇扫探头己是八十年代使用的多的技术；由于超声振子附着在一个机械摆架上，摆动的角度和摆动频率都受到一定限止，如它的摆动角度只有６０度，比不上现代电子相控阵凸阵探头的扇扫角度90度，更比不上微凸阵探头170度，和曲阵探头240度的扇扫角度。在机械扇扫探头内必须充有探头油，探头油要具有良好声透性，又要是低密度、低阻力、绝缘性好的液体．机械扇扫探头的使用寿命也不如相控阵凸阵探头；但是在使用上，两者都不需要移动时，就可获得一幅图像。
Mechanical fan scanning probe has been the most used technology in the 1980s; Because the ultrasonic vibrator is attached to a mechanical swing frame, the swing angle and swing frequency are limited to a certain extent. For example, its maximum swing angle is only 60 degrees, which is not as good as the fan sweep angle of 90 degrees of modern electronic phased array convex array probe, nor as good as the fan sweep angle of 170 degrees of micro convex array probe and 240 degrees of curved array probe. The mechanical fan scan probe must be filled with probe oil. The probe oil must have good sound permeability and be a liquid with low density, low resistance and good insulation. The service life of the mechanical fan scan probe is not as long as that of the phased array convex array probe; However, in use, when both do not need to move, an image can be obtained.
机械扇扫探头它是利用正余弦变压器或正余弦电位器与探头同轴旋转，产生正余弦位置信号，调整锯齿波扫描，完成与探头位置同步扫描，这是机械扇扫探头的基本工作原理。
Mechanical sector scan probe uses sine cosine transformer or sine cosine potentiometer to rotate coaxially with the probe to generate sine cosine position signal, adjust sawtooth wave scanning and complete synchronous scanning with the probe position. This is the basic working principle of mechanical sector scan probe.

(二)线阵探头
（2） Linear array probe
线阵探头有64、128、256和512振元组成的多种探头；由于振元晶片切割的厚度不同，它的使用频率不同，它的线阵排列的长度也不同，工作频率低的，其尺寸就长一些。
The linear array probe has a variety of probes composed of 64, 128, 256 and 512 vibration elements; Due to the different cutting thickness of the vibration element wafer, its use frequency is different, and the length of its linear array arrangement is also different. If the working frequency is low, its size is longer.
(三)相控阵探头
（3） Phased array probe
相控阵探头有多种形状，有经食道对心脏进行探查的相控阵探头；探测平面宽度很小，表面接触式相控阵探头，可用于心脏手术。
The phased array probe has a variety of shapes, including a phased array probe for exploring the heart through the esophagus; The width of the detection plane is very small, and the surface contact phased array probe can be used in cardiac surgery.
（四）凸阵探头
（4） Convex array probe
凸阵探头有不同频率、不同弧面尺寸的通用凸阵探头和变频凸阵探头，还有一种适用小器官的微凸阵探头。凸阵探头的扇扫角度达80多度，微凸阵探头可应用于小器官探查，其扇扫角度大于90度。
Convex array probes include general convex array probes with different frequencies and different arc sizes, frequency conversion convex array probes, and a micro convex array probe suitable for small organs. The fan scanning angle of convex array probe is more than 80 degrees. Micro convex array probe can be used for small organ exploration, and its fan scanning angle is greater than 90 degrees.
目前在彩色多普勒超声诊断仪使用变频探头，如有2.0/5.0MHz，2.5/5.0MHz，5.0/7.5
At present, frequency conversion probes are used in color Doppler ultrasound diagnostic instrument, such as 2.0 / 5.0mhz, 2.5 / 5.0mhz and 5.0 / 7.5
MHz，7.5/12MHz---等多种变频探头。变频探头的设计主要适用于一次探扫中，能进行多部位扫描，也适用于不同体形的超声探查。
MHz, 7.5/12mhz --- and other frequency conversion probes. The design of frequency conversion probe is mainly applicable to one-time scanning, multi position scanning, and ultrasonic exploration of different shapes.
(五) 矩阵式探头
（5） Matrix probe
矩阵式探头的振元块是由切割成数百个方块到数千个方块的矩阵组成。如Philips×4 Matrix型超极矩阵式探头，是由3000个阵元块组成；它要有150多个计算机电子板进行接收和处理超声回波信号。3000个阵元组成的矩阵式探头，它可应用于二维超声心动图和实时三维超声心动图；这是当前的笫三代多平面超声探头。实时三维超声心动图可以即时观察心脏的三维解剖结构，更好地评估瓣膜、室壁和血管之间的复杂关系。
The vibration element block of the matrix probe is composed of a matrix cut into hundreds to thousands of blocks. Such as Philips × 4. Matrix type super polar matrix probe is composed of 3000 array element blocks; It needs more than 150 computer electronic boards to receive and process ultrasonic echo signals. A matrix probe composed of 3000 array elements, which can be applied to two-dimensional echocardiography and real-time three-dimensional echocardiography; This is the third generation of advanced multi plane ultrasonic probe. Real time three-dimensional echocardiography can instantly observe the three-dimensional anatomical structure of the heart and better evaluate the complex relationship between valves, ventricular walls and blood vessels.
（六）超声多普勒探头
（6） Ultrasonic Doppler probe
测量血流的超声多普勒探头是双晶片分隔式或分离式的简易式换能器。探测多普勒频谱的超声多普勒探头也是专用的。现在许多凸阵、线阵、相控阵及腔内探头均具有PWD(脉冲多普勒)和HRPF超声多普勒探扫功能，相控阵探头还具有CWD(连续多普勒) 探扫功能。脉冲多普勒的脉冲重复频率的应用范围是1kHz—29kHz。
The ultrasonic Doppler probe for measuring blood flow is a simple transducer with double wafer separation or separation. The ultrasonic Doppler probe for detecting Doppler spectrum is also special. At present, many convex array, linear array, phased array and intracavity probes have PWD (pulse Doppler) and hrpf ultrasonic Doppler scanning functions, and phased array probes also have CWD (continuous Doppler) scanning functions. The application range of pulse repetition frequency of pulse Doppler is 1khz-29khz.
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Today's sharing is about the maintenance of endoscope equipment. More content will be shared here. Please continue to pay attention to us: http://www.jiangrenyiliao.cn