Endoscopy is widely used in clinical practice for the treatment of different departments and diseases. Mainly divided into flexible endoscopy (referred to as soft endoscopy) and rigid endoscopy (referred to as hard endoscopy), soft endoscopy mainly includes gastroscopy, colonoscopy, laryngoscopy, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, etc; Hard mirrors include laparoscopic thoracoscopy, ureteroscopy, cystoscopy, arthroscopy, hysteroscopy, etc.

硬镜

Hard mirror

硬镜可以分为腹腔镜胸腔镜宫腔镜等类别。各类型硬镜与配套设备搭配使用完成各种类型疾病的诊断和治疗。硬镜的主要配套设备有摄像系统主机，摄像头，冷光源，监视器，台车等。硬镜主要进入人体无菌组织器官或者经外科切口进入人体无菌腔室，如腹腔镜胸腔镜关节镜椎间盘镜脑室镜等。硬镜为棱镜光学系统，最大优点是成像清晰，可配多个工作通道，选取多个视角。

Hard mirrors can be classified into categories such as laparoscopic thoracoscopy and hysteroscopy. Various types of hard lenses are used in combination with supporting equipment to complete the diagnosis and treatment of various types of diseases. The main supporting equipment for hard mirrors includes camera system hosts, cameras, cold light sources, monitors, trolleys, etc. Hard mirrors mainly enter sterile tissues and organs in the human body or enter sterile chambers through surgical incisions, such as laparoscopic thoracoscopy, arthroscopy, intervertebral disc endoscopy, and ventriculoscopy. The hard mirror is a prism optical system, with the greatest advantage of clear imaging, multiple working channels, and multiple viewing angles.

软镜

Soft mirror

软镜主要通过人体的自然腔道来完成检查诊断和治疗，如胃镜肠镜喉镜支气管镜等主要通过人体的消化道呼吸道及泌尿道进入人体。软镜的光学系统为光导纤维光学系统，此光纤内窥镜最大特点是镜头部分可被术者操纵改变方向，扩大应用的范围，但成像效果不如硬质镜效果好。软镜现已应用在消化内科呼吸内科耳鼻喉科泌尿外科肛肠科胸腔外科妇科等多个科室，从简单的疾病筛查到复杂的贲门失弛缓症的治疗，带给患者诊治及时准确风险性低手术创伤小和术后恢复快等益处。

Soft endoscopy mainly completes examination, diagnosis, and treatment through the natural lumen of the human body, such as gastroscopy, colonoscopy, laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, etc. It mainly enters the human body through the digestive tract, respiratory tract, and urinary tract. The optical system of the soft mirror is an optical fiber optic system. The biggest feature of this fiber optic endoscope is that the lens can be manipulated by the operator to change direction and expand the application range, but the imaging effect is not as good as that of the hard mirror. Soft endoscopy has been applied in multiple departments such as gastroenterology, respiratory medicine, otolaryngology, urology, anorectal surgery, thoracic surgery, gynecology, etc. From simple disease screening to the treatment of complex achalasia, it brings benefits such as timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment, low risk, minimal surgical trauma, and fast postoperative recovery to patients.

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