内窥镜检查，或者内窥镜下微创手术，已经成为多个临床科室的常规和必备手段。

　　Endoscopic examination, or minimally invasive surgery under endoscopy, has become a routine and essential method in multiple clinical departments.

　　传统内窥镜都是可以重复、多次使用的，但其结构存在许多微小、复杂的零部件，难以逐个拆卸进行清洗与，因此患者之间可能发生交叉感染。

　　Traditional endoscopes can be reused and reused multiple times, but their structure contains many small and complex components that are difficult to disassemble one by one for cleaning and disinfection, which may lead to cross infection between patients.

　　基于此，一次性内窥镜的研发和生产应运而生，出现了内窥镜“耗材化”趋势。

　　Based on this, the development and production of disposable endoscopes have emerged, leading to the trend of "consumables" in endoscopes.

　　但是，不同于注射器这类低值耗材，内窥镜镜体即便大规模生产，其本质上肯定属于“高值耗材”。那么电子内窥镜做成一次性产品，从成本经济效益角度看，是否真的有必要呢？

　　However, unlike low value consumables such as syringes, even if the endoscope body is mass-produced, it is essentially a "high-value consumable". Is it really necessary to make electronic endoscopes into disposable products from a cost-benefit perspective?

　　当然，所谓一次性内窥镜，指的是内窥镜镜体、尤其是插入人体的部分，而非整个内窥镜系统。整个内窥镜系统包含光源系统、图像处理器、图像显示器等主机设备，以及内窥镜镜体。

　　Of course, the so-called disposable endoscope refers to the endoscope body, especially the part inserted into the human body, rather than the entire endoscope system. The entire endoscope system includes host devices such as light source system, image processor, image display, and endoscope body.

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　　复用式内窥镜市场格局

　　Market pattern of reusable endoscopes

　　作为一种专用的医疗成像器械，医用内窥镜用于内窥镜诊疗过程中的通道导引、照明提供以及体腔、中空器官和身体管道的观察和操作。通过天然人体孔道或手术切口，医用内窥镜能协助医生进行疾病观察，进行病灶活检以获取病理学诊断，也可用于特定手术或协助植入性人工器械。

　　As a specialized medical imaging device, medical endoscopes are used for channel guidance, illumination provision, as well as observation and manipulation of body cavities, hollow organs, and body pipelines during endoscopic diagnosis and treatment. Through natural human body channels or surgical incisions, medical endoscopes can assist doctors in disease observation, lesion biopsy for pathological diagnosis, and can also be used for specific surgeries or to assist in the implantation of therapeutic artificial instruments.

　　▲内窥镜的临床应用科室及用途

　　▲ Clinical application departments and uses of endoscopes

　　医用内窥镜按镜体是否可弯曲，分为软镜和硬镜，两者在用途上会所有不同。

　　Medical endoscopes are divided into soft and hard types based on whether the endoscope body can be bent, and the two have different uses.

　　软镜以人体自然腔道为入口，依据器官形态适应其曲线，因此其结构可弯曲，有调节弯曲度的“蛇骨”；应用领域包括胃镜、肠镜、喉镜以及纤维支气管镜等。

　　The soft mirror takes the natural cavity of the human body as the entrance and adapts to the curve of the organ according to its shape, so its structure can bend and has a "snake bone" that adjusts the degree of curvature; The application areas include gastroscopy, colonoscopy, laryngoscopy, and fiberoptic bronchoscopy.

　　硬镜通过小切口手术进入体内，其结构不可弯，需要开小切口、创建人工通道。硬镜主要包括腹腔镜、宫腔镜和关节镜，在普外科、胸外科、泌尿科、妇产科和骨科等领域有广泛应用。

　　The hard mirror enters the body through a small incision surgery, and its structure cannot be bent, requiring a small incision and the creation of an artificial channel. Hard mirrors mainly include laparoscopy, hysteroscopy, and arthroscopy, and are widely used in fields such as general surgery, thoracic surgery, urology, obstetrics and gynecology, and orthopedics.

　　▲软镜和硬镜的对比

　　▲ Comparison between Soft Mirror and Hard Mirror

　　目前，我国内窥镜市场由外资主导。在软镜领域，奥林巴斯一家独大；在硬镜领域，卡尔史托斯、奥林巴斯、史赛克、德国狼牌等合计份额超过80%内窥镜设备维修。

　　At present, the domestic endoscope market in China is dominated by foreign investment. In the field of soft mirrors, Olympus dominates alone; In the field of hard mirrors, companies such as KARL STORS, Olympus, Stryker, and Wolfsburg have a combined share of over 80% in the maintenance of endoscopic equipment.

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