① Natural aging or artificial faults; ② Mechanical or electronic faults; ③ Static or dynamic faults; ④ Faults caused by the equipment itself or the surrounding environment; ⑤ There are also faults that occur in multiple forms and cross over simultaneously.

造成内镜故障发生的因素可能归纳为三个主要因素：

The factors that cause endoscopic malfunctions may be summarized into three main factors:

① 医护人员操作习惯，清洗消毒人员的习惯，病人的配合程度等；② 设备本身的特性，清洗消毒、配合诊治等相关设备情况；③使用环境、保管环境，还有重要的管理制度环境。

① The operating habits of medical staff, the habits of cleaning and disinfecting personnel, and the level of patient cooperation; ② The characteristics of the equipment itself, as well as the situation of related equipment such as cleaning, disinfection, and coordinated diagnosis and treatment; ③ The usage environment, storage environment, and important management system environment.

故障判断的方法故障判断的方法包括：

The methods for fault diagnosis include:

①排除法：常规使用的基本方法、但必须对工作原理要非常了解；②跟台发现法：针对一些人为因素导致的故障使用中才发现；③点检检测法：针对未发现故障，排查潜在故障避免故障扩大及延变；④故障推理法：针对发现了问题，故障如何产生的；⑤经验判断法：根据多年的工作经验积累进行总结及分析。

① Exclusion method: a basic method commonly used, but one must have a thorough understanding of the working principle; ② Follow up discovery method: only discovered during use for faults caused by human factors; ③ Point inspection and detection method: for undetected faults, identify potential faults to avoid fault expansion and extension; ④ Fault reasoning method: targeting the problem discovered and how the fault occurred; ⑤ Empirical judgment method: Summarize and analyze based on years of work experience accumulation.

使用、清冼、消毒注意事项使用、清洗、消毒注意事项：

Precautions for use, cleaning, and disinfection:

手术时严禁大力弯折或碰撞；

During surgery, strong bending or collision is strictly prohibited;

使用辅助治设备时要保证在视野内安全操作，当窥镜配合激光汽化、高频电切、微波等光电技术进行手术时，应注意窥镜前端与治疗点的距离，保证窥镜前端不被电击或烧灼；

When using auxiliary treatment equipment, it is necessary to ensure safe operation within the field of view. When the endoscope is used in conjunction with optoelectronic technologies such as laser vaporization, high-frequency electrocautery, and microwave for surgery, attention should be paid to the distance between the front end of the endoscope and the treatment point to ensure that the front end of the endoscope is not electrocuted or burned;

术中调整视野角度时需保护好镜子本身，镜子与鞘管链接时必须对准位置并用卡锁固定，不易过猛；4.建议单独存放避免与其它器械碰撞，必须轻取轻放以免碰撞镜子，镜子传像系统是玻璃柱体易碎；

Protect the mirror itself when adjusting the visual field angle during operation. When connecting the mirror with the sheath, it must be aligned and fixed with a lock, which is not easy to be too violent; 4. It is recommended to store it separately to avoid collision with other instruments. It must be handled with care to avoid collision with mirrors. The mirror image transmission system is made of fragile glass columns;

建议手术前用温水浸泡，涂防雾油；

Suggest soaking in warm water and applying anti fog oil before surgery;

在清洗和消毒的时候，建议把镜子和别的手术器械分开，用塑料盆清洗；

When cleaning and disinfecting, it is recommended to separate the mirror from other surgical instruments and use a plastic basin for cleaning;

消毒前要把镜头清洗干净，否则异物在消毒后积累在镜头上，以至影响图像质量。当镜头上异物过多时，可用棉签涂一些镜子附带的清洁剂在镜面上，然后用清水清洗干净；8.尽量不要频繁更换消毒灭菌方法，这样对镜子的密封有好处；

Before disinfection, the lens should be cleaned thoroughly, otherwise foreign objects will accumulate on the lens after disinfection, which may affect image quality. When there are too many foreign objects on the lens, you can use a cotton swab to apply some cleaning agent attached to the mirror surface, and then clean it with clean water; 8. Try not to frequently change the disinfection and sterilization methods, as this is beneficial for the sealing of the mirror;

禁止用超声波清洗镜子，尽量不要用生理盐水清洗镜子，否则容易生锈迹；

It is prohibited to use ultrasound to clean mirrors, and it is advisable not to use physiological saline to clean mirrors, otherwise they may rust easily;

当高温高压消毒完镜子后，一定要让镜子自然冷却，禁止用冷水冷却；

After high-temperature and high-pressure disinfection of the mirror, it is necessary to allow the mirror to cool naturally, and it is prohibited to use cold water for cooling;

所以的镜子浸泡消毒时间不能超过60分钟；12.高温高压消毒：建议尽量不要用高温高压消毒，但在紧急时也可以进行高温高压消毒。

So the soaking and disinfection time of the mirror should not exceed 60 minutes; 12. High temperature and high pressure disinfection: It is recommended not to use high temperature and high pressure disinfection as much as possible, but high temperature and high pressure disinfection can also be carried out in emergency situations.

高温高压消毒的条件：建议控制高温高压消毒灭菌时间及充分的自然冷却。

The conditions for high-temperature and high-pressure disinfection: It is recommended to control the sterilization time of high-temperature and high-pressure disinfection and sufficient natural cooling.

内镜维护、维修的概念与策略

The concept and strategy of endoscopic maintenance and repair

预防性维护通过对产品的系统性检查、设备测试和更换以防止功能故障发生，使其保持在规定状态所进行的全部活动。它可以包括调整、润滑、定期检查等。

Preventive maintenance is all activities carried out by systematically inspecting, testing, and replacing products to prevent functional failures and maintain them in a specified state. It can include adjustment, lubrication, regular inspections, etc.

预见性维护通过运用各种手段进行数据和信号的采集、分析和判断设备的劣化趋势、故障部位、原因并预测变化发展、提出防范措施，防止和控制可能的故障出现。

Predictive maintenance involves the use of various means to collect, analyze, and determine equipment degradation trends, fault locations, causes, predict changes and developments, propose preventive measures, and prevent and control possible failures.

改善维修又称纠正性维修，主要应用在设备耗损故障期。按照设备的“浴盆曲线”，设备在耗损故障期，存在着老化、磨损、硬化、变形、开裂、腐蚀、疲劳等各种失效状况，继续运行将造成较严重的故障后果。

Improvement maintenance, also known as corrective maintenance, is mainly applied during equipment wear and tear periods. According to the bathtub curve of the equipment, there are various failure conditions such as aging, wear, hardening, deformation, cracking, corrosion, fatigue, etc. during the wear and tear failure period. Continuing to operate will cause more serious consequences of the failure.

事后维修又称为故障修理，即设备发生故障或性能、精度降低到合格水平以下时所进行的非计划性修理。

Post maintenance, also known as fault repair, refers to unplanned repairs carried out when equipment malfunctions or its performance or accuracy drops below the qualified level.

有了内窥镜设备维修上面的小总结，希望对广大客户有所帮助，如果有什么不理解的或者寻求帮助的请点击我们的网站：http://www.jiangrenyiliao.cn或者来电咨询，我们会尽全力为您解决

With the summary of endoscopic equipment maintenance, we hope it can be helpful to our customers. If you have any questions or need help, please click on our website: http://www.jiangrenyiliao.cn Or call to inquire, we will do our best to solve it for you