1. 故障分析

1. Fault analysis

内窥镜会出现的故障：图像模糊，视场很暗。

Malfunctions that may occur with endoscopes: blurry images and a very dark field of view.

检查内窥镜两端是否有污物，用棉签蘸酒精擦拭两端镜片后再观察，故障依旧。

Check for dirt on both ends of the endoscope, wipe the lenses with a cotton swab dipped in alcohol, and observe again. The fault persists.

例如，在某一次维修的时候发现镜镜管外表面可见明显凹痕，首先接通冷光源，观察照明光纤没有断丝，确定不是因照明系统导致的图像不清晰，接下来由镜体部分轻轻摇动可听到明显声音，说明内部零件松动，由此判断内部光学系统损坏（棒镜和间隔环），需要拆开维修。

For example, during a repair, obvious dents were found on the outer surface of the mirror tube. First, a cold light source was turned on, and the lighting fiber was observed to ensure that the image was not unclear due to the lighting system. Then, a slight shaking of the mirror body revealed a noticeable sound, indicating that the internal components were loose. Based on this, it was determined that the internal optical system (rod mirror and spacer ring) was damaged and needed to be disassembled for repair.

2. 内窥镜的拆卸

2. Disassembly of endoscope

因内窥镜外部由全不锈钢打造，特别精密，拆开的难度不小，拆开之前必须仔细查看镜子的大概结构，找到正确的接口，再下手，以防破坏其照明系统，首先利用酒精灯加热将目镜端脱胶，再利用治具（平口钳、三脚钳及铜制目镜圈等）拆卸，铜制目镜圈为卡在目镜端的治具，方便打开目镜端，此治具可根据镜子的不同尺寸自己制作。再利用各种治具打开镜子时，切记谨慎小心，以防对镜子的撞击。因许多镜子内部上胶较多，打开时需要更加耐心，反复仔细是必备的素质。打开接口处后，不可盲目拆开，每条镜子的光学结构有所不同，需要看清每个零件的配合及位置方可拆下。

Due to the fact that the exterior of the endoscope is made of all stainless steel, which is particularly precise, it is difficult to disassemble. Before disassembling, it is necessary to carefully examine the approximate structure of the mirror, find the correct interface, and then proceed to prevent damage to its lighting system. First, use an alcohol lamp to heat and remove the eyepiece end, and then use fixtures (such as pliers, pliers, and copper eyepiece rings) to disassemble. The copper eyepiece ring is a fixture that is stuck at the eyepiece end, making it easy to open the eyepiece end. This fixture can be made according to the different sizes of the mirror. When using various fixtures to open the mirror, be careful and cautious to prevent impact on the mirror. Due to the excessive amount of glue applied to the interior of many mirrors, patience and careful repetition are essential qualities when opening them. After opening the interface, do not blindly disassemble it. The optical structure of each mirror is different, and it is necessary to see the fit and position of each component before disassembling it.

3. 光学系统的修复

3. Repair of optical system

内窥镜拆开后，采用逐一查看法，首先目镜没有损坏，接着对前面的棒镜进行分析，特别注意的是取出棒镜是维修的关键，每条棒镜的取出必须标明方向及编号，每条镜子都有其安装误差，否则打乱后会影响其光学成像。如果取出棒镜时发现棒镜一端已经严重断裂，其碎片已挤压至间隔环中，故障原因找到，棒镜的破损影响了光学成像，需要更换棒镜。找到与其配套的棒镜后安装，观察其成像效果，光学系统的搭配很重要，棒镜的作用用于转像及消色差，为粘合镜片，观察物体时成倒像，目的需使此棒镜符合整个光学系统的成像，经过反复调试，光学成像达到要求，此棒镜可以使用，但成像质量还比较差，需要进行整个光学系统的清洁工作，利用脱脂棉、酒精、气吹、依次对光学镜片及硬管进行清洗、擦净，最后按照方向安装、调试，观察图像后达到了清晰、明亮的效果。

After disassembling the endoscope, a step-by-step inspection is carried out. Firstly, the eyepiece is not damaged. Then, the front rod mirror is analyzed. It is particularly important to note that removing the rod mirror is the key to maintenance. The direction and number of each rod mirror must be indicated when removing it, and each mirror has its own installation error. Otherwise, if it is disrupted, it will affect its optical imaging. If it is found that one end of the rod mirror has been severely broken when removing it, and its fragments have been squeezed into the spacer ring, the cause of the fault will be found. The damage to the rod mirror affects optical imaging and needs to be replaced. After finding the matching rod mirror and installing it, observe its imaging effect. The matching of the optical system is very important. The function of the rod mirror is to convert images and eliminate chromatic aberration. It is a bonded lens that forms an inverted image when observing objects. The purpose is to make this rod mirror meet the imaging requirements of the entire optical system. After repeated testing, the optical imaging meets the requirements. This rod mirror can be used, but the imaging quality is still relatively poor. The entire optical system needs to be cleaned by using degreasing cotton, alcohol, air blowing, and sequentially cleaning and wiping the optical lens and hard tube. Finally, it is installed and tested in the direction, and the image is observed to achieve a clear and bright effect.

维修好的镜子需要上胶，固胶，最后进行图像打印及测漏工作，检测成功后方可完成工作

The repaired mirror needs to be glued, fixed, and finally subjected to image printing and leak detection work. The work can only be completed after successful detection

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