一、常见故障类型及表现

1、 Common types and manifestations of faults

（一）光学成像故障

（1） Optical imaging malfunction

镜头作为内窥镜设备的 “眼睛”，一旦出现问题，会直接影响成像质量。镜头表面的划痕、污垢、磨损，或是镜头内部出现雾气、水珠，都可能导致图像模糊不清。此外，镜头破裂、损坏还会造成部分视野缺失或图像变形。照明系统故障也较为常见，照明灯泡故障、光纤损坏或断裂，会使进入内窥镜的光线不足，导致视野光线昏暗；照明部分组件损坏，则可能造成光线在视野内分布不均匀。

As the "eyes" of endoscopic equipment, once there is a problem with the lens, it will directly affect the imaging quality. Scratches, dirt, and wear on the surface of the lens, or the presence of fog and water droplets inside the lens, can all cause blurry images. In addition, lens breakage or damage can also cause partial field of view loss or image distortion. Lighting system failures are also common, such as lighting bulb malfunctions, fiber optic damage or breakage, which can cause insufficient light to enter the endoscope, resulting in dim field of view; If the lighting components are damaged, it may cause uneven distribution of light within the field of view.

（二）机械结构故障

（2） Mechanical structural failure

插入管是内窥镜深入检测区域的关键部件，其外皮破损、内部结构变形，会导致插入过程中弯曲不顺畅或卡顿。此外，插入管破裂还会引发漏水问题，进而影响内部的光学和电气系统。操作手柄部分的控制按钮若出现损坏、接触不良等情况，会使操作功能无法正常执行，如焦距、角度调节失灵；与主机连接的线缆断裂，还会导致信号传输中断，造成图像消失或出现干扰。

The insertion tube is a key component for endoscopes to penetrate into the detection area, and its outer skin is damaged or its internal structure is deformed, which can cause uneven bending or jamming during the insertion process. In addition, the rupture of the insertion tube can also cause water leakage problems, which in turn affect the internal optical and electrical systems. If the control buttons on the operating handle are damaged or have poor contact, it will prevent the normal execution of the operating functions, such as the failure of focal length and angle adjustment; A broken cable connected to the host can also cause signal transmission interruption, resulting in image disappearance or interference.

（三）电气系统故障

（3） Electrical system malfunction

内部电路故障会引发短路或断路问题，致使内窥镜完全无法工作，或工作不稳定。而与主机或其他设备连接部位的松动、接触不良，也会导致图像丢失、信号不稳定。

Internal circuit faults can cause short circuits or open circuits, resulting in the endoscope being completely inoperable or unstable. Loose connections or poor contact with the host or other devices can also lead to image loss and unstable signals.

二、维修流程与技术要点

2、 Maintenance process and technical points

（一）故障诊断

（1） Fault diagnosis

专业维修人员会先对设备进行全面的外观检查，查看是否有明显的物理损坏，如外壳破裂、线缆磨损等。之后开展功能测试，模拟设备的正常使用场景，观察设备的运行状态，分析故障表现。例如，在检查成像质量时，会使用专业的图像测试工具，评估图像的清晰度、色彩还原度等参数。对于一些复杂的故障，还会借助专业的检测设备，如示波器、万用表等，对电路进行检测，确定故障的具体位置和原因。

Professional maintenance personnel will first conduct a comprehensive visual inspection of the equipment to see if there are any obvious physical damages, such as shell rupture, cable wear, etc. Afterwards, functional testing will be conducted to simulate the normal usage scenarios of the equipment, observe the operating status of the equipment, and analyze the fault manifestations. For example, when checking imaging quality, professional image testing tools are used to evaluate parameters such as image clarity and color reproduction. For some complex faults, professional testing equipment such as oscilloscopes and multimeters will be used to detect the circuit and determine the specific location and cause of the fault.

（二）维修实施

（2） Maintenance implementation

针对不同的故障类型，维修人员会采取相应的维修措施。对于光学成像故障，若镜头表面有污垢，会使用专业的清洁工具和试剂进行清洁；若镜头出现划痕或损坏，可能需要更换新的镜头组件。照明系统故障则需根据具体情况，更换损坏的灯泡或光纤。在处理机械结构故障时，对于插入管外皮破损，可采用特殊的修复材料进行修补；若内部结构变形严重，可能需要更换整个插入管。操作手柄的按钮和线缆故障，一般通过更换损坏的部件来解决。电气系统故障较为复杂，需要具备扎实的电路知识和丰富的维修经验，对故障电路进行修复或更换故障元件。

For different types of faults, maintenance personnel will take corresponding maintenance measures. For optical imaging faults, if there is dirt on the surface of the lens, professional cleaning tools and reagents will be used for cleaning; If the lens is scratched or damaged, it may need to be replaced with a new lens component. If there is a malfunction in the lighting system, the damaged light bulb or fiber optic cable needs to be replaced according to the specific situation. When dealing with mechanical structural failures, special repair materials can be used to repair the damaged outer skin of the insertion tube; If the internal structure is severely deformed, it may be necessary to replace the entire insertion tube. Button and cable faults in the joystick are usually resolved by replacing damaged components. Electrical system faults are relatively complex and require solid circuit knowledge and rich maintenance experience to repair or replace faulty components in faulty circuits.

（三）质量检测

（3） Quality inspection

维修完成后，需对设备进行严格的质量检测。再次进行功能测试，确保设备各项功能恢复正常。同时，还会进行性能测试，如检测成像质量、机械结构的灵活性、电气系统的稳定性等，确保设备达到或接近原有的性能标准。只有通过质量检测的设备，才能交付使用。

After the maintenance is completed, strict quality inspection of the equipment is required. Perform functional testing again to ensure that all functions of the device are restored to normal. At the same time, performance testing will also be conducted, such as detecting imaging quality, flexibility of mechanical structures, stability of electrical systems, etc., to ensure that the equipment meets or approaches the original performance standards. Only equipment that has passed quality testing can be delivered for use.

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