一、什么是内窥镜？—— 医学侦探的「电子眼睛」

1、 What is an endoscope—— Medical Detective's' Electronic Eye '

内窥镜是现代医学的「透视之眼」，它像一根会「拐弯」的细长软管（直径仅 3-15mm），前端集成了微型摄像头（分辨率达 1080P）和冷光源（LED 照度超 10 万 lux），能深入人体自然腔道或微小创口，将器官黏膜的实时图像以高清画质传输到显示屏上。

Endoscope is the "eye of perspective" in modern medicine. It is like a slender hose that can "bend" (with a diameter of only 3-15mm), and the front end integrates a miniature camera (with a resolution of 1080P) and a cold light source (LED illumination exceeding 100000 lux). It can penetrate the natural cavity or small incision of the human body and transmit real-time images of organ mucosa to the display screen in high-definition quality.

核心构造：

Core structure:

成像系统：0.5mm 直径的 CMOS 摄像头，可捕捉 0.1mm 大小的细微病变

Imaging system: A 0.5mm diameter CMOS camera that can capture tiny lesions up to 0.1mm in size

照明系统：采用氙气或 LED 冷光源，避免传统光源的热损伤风险

Lighting system: using xenon or LED cold light sources to avoid the risk of thermal damage from traditional light sources

操控系统：手柄可实现 ±180° 弯曲转向，精准抵达胃角、结肠皱襞等「视觉盲区」

Control system: The handle can achieve ± 180 ° bending and turning, accurately reaching "visual blind spots" such as the gastric angle and colon folds

医生视角实例：

Example from a Doctor's Perspective:

当胃镜经口腔进入胃腔，医生通过操作杆调整镜头角度，胃黏膜的每一处细节 —— 光滑的柱状上皮、充血的炎性病灶、可疑的菜花状凸起 —— 都清晰显示在屏幕上，如同用「放大镜」观察体内世界。

When the gastroscope enters the stomach cavity through the mouth, the doctor adjusts the lens angle through the operating rod, and every detail of the gastric mucosa - smooth columnar epithelium, congested inflammatory lesions, suspicious cauliflower like protrusions - is clearly displayed on the screen, like observing the world inside the body with a "magnifying glass".

二、为什么选择内窥镜？—— 突破传统检查的「可视化革命」

2、 Why choose an endoscope—— The 'visualization revolution' that breaks through traditional inspections

1. 打破「间接诊断」的局限

1. Break the limitations of 'indirect diagnosis'

X 光如同拍摄黑白剪影，CT/MRI 是断层扫描拼图，而内窥镜实现了 **「第一视角直播」**：

X-rays are like capturing black and white silhouettes, CT/MRI is a tomographic puzzle, and endoscopes achieve * * "first person live streaming" * *:

胃溃疡：可直接观察溃疡面的血管暴露程度（判断出血风险）

Gastric ulcer: The degree of vascular exposure on the ulcer surface can be directly observed to determine the risk of bleeding

肠息肉：能分辨绒毛状腺瘤（癌前病变）与增生性息肉的表面形态差异

Intestinal polyps: able to distinguish the surface morphology differences between villous adenomas (precancerous lesions) and proliferative polyps

2. 「诊断 + 治疗」一站式完成

2. One stop shop for diagnosis and treatment

通过直径 2-3mm 的「工具通道」，内窥镜可化身「微型手术室」：

Through a 2-3mm diameter 'tool channel', the endoscope can transform into a 'micro operating room':

活检取样：0.2mm 精度的活检钳能精准钳取可疑组织（如胃窦部的萎缩黏膜）

Biopsy sampling: A 0.2mm precision biopsy forceps can accurately clamp suspicious tissues (such as atrophic mucosa in the gastric antrum)

即时治疗：

Immediate treatment:

高频电刀切除肠息肉（直径＜2cm）

High frequency electric knife resection of intestinal polyps (diameter<2cm)

氩离子凝固术（APC）治疗消化道出血

Argon plasma coagulation (APC) for the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding

支架植入术开通狭窄的支气管

Stent implantation surgery to open narrow bronchi

三、工作原理：三招解锁体内「高清地图」

3、 Working principle: Three moves to unlock the "high-definition map" inside the body

1. 照亮黑暗：毫米级光影魔术

1. Illuminate Darkness: Millimeter level Light and Shadow Magic

前端冷光源以120° 广角照射，配合「氙气灯 + 导光纤维」组合，即使是深达 50cm 的结肠皱襞也能清晰照亮。新型「蓝光成像（BLI）」技术，可增强黏膜血管的对比度，让早期癌变的异常血管网络无所遁形。

The front cold light source illuminates with a 120 ° wide-angle angle, combined with a "xenon lamp+light guiding fiber" combination, which can clearly illuminate even colon folds up to 50cm deep. The new "Blue Light Imaging (BLI)" technology can enhance the contrast of mucosal blood vessels, revealing abnormal vascular networks in early stages of cancer.

2. 灵活游走：九曲回廊中的精准操控

2. Flexible wandering: precise control in the Nine Curve Corridor

采用「蛇形仿生设计」，镜身可实现360° 旋转 + 四向弯曲（上弯 210°/ 下弯 90°/ 左右各 100°）。在胃镜检查中，医生通过「J 型反转」动作，能观察到胃底贲门的「死角区域」，这是传统检查无法抵达的部位。

Adopting a "snake like biomimetic design", the mirror body can achieve 360 ° rotation and four-way bending (up bend 210 °/down bend 90 °/left and right bend 100 ° each). In gastroscopy, doctors can observe the "blind spot area" of the gastric fundus and cardia through the "J-shaped reversal" movement, which is an area that traditional examinations cannot reach.

3. 工具赋能：从「观察者」到「操作者」

3. Tool Empowerment: From "Observer" to "Operator"

直径 3mm 的通道内，可同时容纳：

Within a 3mm diameter channel, it can simultaneously accommodate:

诊断工具：窄带成像（NBI）探头（放大倍数达 80 倍）

Diagnostic tool: Narrowband Imaging (NBI) probe (with a magnification of up to 80 times)

治疗器械：

Therapeutic equipment:

圈套器（切除直径 3cm 以内的胃肠息肉）

Trap (for removing gastrointestinal polyps with a diameter of less than 3cm)

止血夹（闭合 0.5cm 以内的消化道穿孔）

Hemostatic clip (for closure of gastrointestinal perforation within 0.5cm)

超声探头（判断肿瘤浸润深度，准确率达 90%）

Ultrasound probe (to determine the depth of tumor infiltration with an accuracy rate of 90%)

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