常见故障类型及成因

Common types and causes of faults

光学系统故障

Optical system malfunction

内窥镜的光学系统负责将图像清晰地传输到医生视野中。但在实际使用过程中，物镜和目镜容易因碰撞、刮擦出现磨损或损坏，导致图像模糊、变形甚至无法成像。此外，光纤断裂也是常见问题，其多由过度弯曲或拉伸造成，会导致光线传输受阻，影响成像质量。

The optical system of an endoscope is responsible for transmitting images clearly into the doctor's field of view. However, in practical use, the objective lens and eyepiece are prone to wear and tear or damage due to collisions and scratches, resulting in blurred, deformed, or even impossible imaging of the image. In addition, fiber breakage is also a common problem, which is often caused by excessive bending or stretching, which can hinder the transmission of light and affect the imaging quality.

机械系统故障

Mechanical system malfunction

机械系统的故障主要体现在插入管、弯曲部和活检钳道等部位。插入管长期使用，其外表面容易出现老化、破损，不仅影响设备的正常使用，还可能对患者造成伤害。弯曲部的钢丝和关节如果出现断裂或松动，会导致弯曲角度异常，使医生难以准确观察病变部位。活检钳道因频繁使用，容易被异物堵塞，影响活检器械的进出。

The faults of the mechanical system are mainly reflected in the insertion tube, bending part, and biopsy forceps channel. Long term use of the insertion tube can lead to aging and damage on its outer surface, which not only affects the normal use of the equipment but may also cause harm to the patient. If the steel wires and joints in the bent part break or loosen, it will cause abnormal bending angles, making it difficult for doctors to accurately observe the affected area. The biopsy forceps are prone to blockage by foreign objects due to frequent use, which affects the entry and exit of biopsy instruments.

电气系统故障

Electrical system malfunction

电气系统故障会造成设备无法正常开机、图像显示异常等问题。常见的原因包括电缆线老化、接头松动、电路板损坏等。尤其是在潮湿环境下使用，或者设备长期未保养，电气部件容易受潮，引发短路等故障。

Electrical system failures can cause equipment to fail to start up properly, abnormal image display, and other issues. Common reasons include cable aging, loose joints, and damaged circuit boards. Especially when used in humid environments or if the equipment is not maintained for a long time, electrical components are prone to moisture and can cause faults such as short circuits.

维修流程

Repair process

故障诊断

fault diagnosis

维修的第一步是准确诊断故障。维修人员会与使用人员沟通，了解设备的故障现象、使用环境和操作过程，收集相关信息。接着，对设备进行全面检查，运用专业检测工具，如显微镜、示波器等，检测光学、机械和电气系统，确定故障的具体部位和原因。

The first step in maintenance is to accurately diagnose the fault. Maintenance personnel will communicate with users to understand the equipment's fault symptoms, usage environment, and operation process, and collect relevant information. Next, conduct a comprehensive inspection of the equipment, using professional testing tools such as microscopes, oscilloscopes, etc. to detect optical, mechanical, and electrical systems, and determine the specific location and cause of the malfunction.

零部件更换与修复

Component replacement and repair

确定故障后，维修人员会根据损坏情况，选择更换或修复零部件。对于磨损严重、无法修复的光学镜片和损坏的电缆线，需及时更换新的原厂配件，以保证设备性能和成像质量。对于弯曲部的钢丝、关节等机械部件，若损坏程度较轻，可进行修复；若损坏严重，则需更换。

After identifying the fault, maintenance personnel will choose to replace or repair the parts based on the extent of the damage. For severely worn and irreparable optical lenses and damaged cables, it is necessary to replace them with new original accessories in a timely manner to ensure equipment performance and imaging quality. For mechanical components such as steel wires and joints in curved parts, if the damage is minor, repair can be carried out; If the damage is severe, it needs to be replaced.

校准与调试

Calibration and Debugging

完成零部件更换或修复后，要对设备进行校准和调试。对光学系统进行清晰度、色彩还原度等方面的校准，确保图像质量符合标准。对机械系统进行弯曲角度、活检钳道通畅性等测试，保证设备操作灵活、功能正常。对电气系统进行电气性能测试，确保设备安全运行。

After completing the replacement or repair of components, the equipment should be calibrated and debugged. Calibrate the optical system for clarity, color reproduction, and other aspects to ensure image quality meets standards. Test the mechanical system for bending angle, biopsy forceps patency, etc., to ensure flexible operation and normal functionality of the equipment. Conduct electrical performance testing on the electrical system to ensure safe operation of the equipment.

质量检测

Quality Inspection

维修完成后，要进行严格的质量检测。模拟设备的实际使用场景，进行多项性能测试，包括图像质量、操作手感、密封性等。只有通过全部测试，设备才能交付使用。

After the repair is completed, strict quality inspection must be carried out. Simulate the actual usage scenario of the device and conduct multiple performance tests, including image quality, operating feel, sealing, etc. Only by passing all tests can the equipment be delivered for use.

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