内镜漏水：内镜漏水是较为严重的故障，会对内窥镜造成多方面损害。弯曲橡皮破裂是导致漏水的常见原因，在手术或检查过程中，若患者紧张咬到插入部，或使用的口垫质量差、未正确放置，都可能使弯曲橡皮破损。同时，日常保养不善，弯曲橡皮长期受化学消毒剂侵蚀、老化，也会增加破裂风险。另外，钳子管道破损也会引发漏水，在插入活检钳、异物钳等器械时，若遇到阻力强行推进，或者器械本身有尖锐部分，就可能划破钳子管道。内镜先端部与硬物碰撞，致使镜头破裂，同样会造成漏水。内镜一旦漏水，纤维镜像束可能出现龟裂或彩虹现象，视野变得模糊；电子镜图像会出现不良现象，甚至 CCD 短路无图像；光束会变硬变脆，容易折断，亮度减弱；螺旋管可能脱落，镜身打角度时呈蛇形；电子镜开关按键还可能短路，无法正常使用其功能。​

Endoscopic leakage: Endoscopic leakage is a serious malfunction that can cause various damages to the endoscope. Bending rubber breakage is a common cause of water leakage. During surgery or examination, if the patient bites the insertion part nervously, or if the mouth pad used is of poor quality or not properly placed, it may cause the bending rubber to break. At the same time, poor daily maintenance and long-term corrosion and aging of bent rubber by chemical disinfectants can also increase the risk of rupture. In addition, damage to the forceps tube can also cause water leakage. When inserting biopsy forceps, foreign object forceps, and other instruments, if they encounter resistance and are forcefully pushed forward, or if the instrument itself has sharp parts, it may cut the forceps tube. The tip of the endoscope collides with a hard object, causing the lens to rupture and also resulting in water leakage. Once the endoscope leaks, the fiber mirror bundle may crack or rainbow, and the field of view may become blurred; Electronic mirror images may exhibit adverse phenomena, and even CCD short circuits may result in no image; The light beam will become hard and brittle, easily broken, and the brightness will decrease; The spiral tube may detach, and the mirror body may form a serpentine shape when angled; The electronic mirror switch button may also be short circuited and unable to function properly. ​

送气、送水不畅：送气、送水功能对于清晰观察人体内部组织至关重要。吸引按钮破损、密封不良，或者钳子管道开口阀密封不良，都会导致气体或液体泄漏，无法正常送气、送水。吸引管道堵塞也是常见原因，检查或手术后，人体组织碎屑、血块等异物可能残留在管道内，若未及时冲洗、疏通，就会阻碍气体和液体流通。此外，吸引泵压力设置不当，也会影响送气、送水效果，压力过高可能损坏管道，压力过低则无法有效输送气体和液体。​

Poor air and water supply: The functions of air and water supply are crucial for clear observation of internal tissues in the human body. Damaged or poorly sealed suction buttons, or poorly sealed opening valves in pliers, can cause gas or liquid leakage, making it impossible to supply air or water normally. Blockage of suction pipes is also a common cause. After examination or surgery, foreign objects such as human tissue debris and blood clots may remain in the pipes. If not washed and unblocked in a timely manner, it will hinder the flow of gas and liquid. In addition, improper pressure setting of the suction pump can also affect the effectiveness of air and water delivery. If the pressure is too high, it may damage the pipeline, while if the pressure is too low, it cannot effectively transport gas and liquid. ​

先端部故障：内窥镜先端部故障较为多样。镜面缺口、破裂通常是由于先端部与周围坚硬物体发生碰撞，如在手术中不慎碰撞到骨骼、手术器械，或先端部意外坠落至地板，都可能导致镜面玻璃破碎。在清洗消毒过程中，先端部与清洗槽多次频繁接触，长期摩擦也会造成磨损。喷嘴故障也不容忽视，先端部不小心与硬物碰撞可能使喷嘴变形、堵塞；使用内镜后未立即清洗，脏物凝固在喷嘴里；消毒前未用洗涤剂洗净内镜，消毒液使蛋白质凝固，都可能导致喷嘴堵塞，影响送气、送水以及图像清晰度。

Front end malfunction: Endoscope front end malfunctions are quite diverse. Mirror notches and ruptures are usually caused by collisions between the tip and surrounding hard objects, such as accidentally hitting bones or surgical instruments during surgery, or accidentally falling the tip to the floor, which can lead to the breakage of the mirror glass. During the cleaning and disinfection process, the tip frequently comes into contact with the cleaning tank, and long-term friction can also cause wear and tear. Nozzle malfunction cannot be ignored, as accidental collision with hard objects at the tip may cause nozzle deformation or blockage; Not cleaned immediately after using the endoscope, dirt solidified in the nozzle; Failure to clean the endoscope with detergent before disinfection and protein coagulation caused by disinfectant may result in nozzle blockage, affecting air and water delivery as well as image clarity.

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