类型

type

硬式内窥镜：具有刚性的插入管，适用于观察人体内部相对较直的管道和腔室，如膀胱镜、腹腔镜等。硬式内窥镜的优点是图像质量高、操作方便、耐用性好，但在一些弯曲的部位可能难以到达。

Hard endoscope: with a rigid insertion tube, suitable for observing relatively straight pipes and chambers inside the human body, such as cystoscopy, laparoscopy, etc. The advantages of hard endoscopes are high image quality, easy operation, and good durability, but they may be difficult to reach in some curved areas.

软式内窥镜：插入管较为柔软，可以弯曲和扭转，能够深入到人体内部复杂的部位，如胃镜、肠镜、支气管镜等。软式内窥镜的灵活性高，能够更好地适应人体的解剖结构，但图像质量可能略逊于硬式内窥镜，且维护和保养要求较高。

Soft endoscope: The insertion tube is relatively soft, can bend and twist, and can penetrate into complex parts of the human body, such as gastroscopy, colonoscopy, bronchoscopy, etc. Soft endoscopes have high flexibility and can better adapt to the anatomical structure of the human body, but the image quality may be slightly inferior to that of hard endoscopes, and maintenance and upkeep requirements are higher.

纤维内窥镜：是软式内窥镜的一种，利用光导纤维传输图像和光线。纤维内窥镜的优点是可以做得很细，能够进入一些狭窄的部位，但随着电子内窥镜的发展，纤维内窥镜的应用逐渐减少。

Fiber endoscope: It is a type of flexible endoscope that uses optical fibers to transmit images and light. The advantage of fiber endoscopes is that they can be made very thin and can enter narrow areas, but with the development of electronic endoscopes, the application of fiber endoscopes has gradually decreased.

设备组成

Equipment Composition

插入部：是内窥镜直接进入人体的部分，包括前端的物镜、照明装置和弯曲部等。插入部的直径和长度因不同的内窥镜类型而异，以适应不同的检查部位和人体解剖结构。

Insertion part: It is the part where the endoscope directly enters the human body, including the front objective lens, lighting device, and curved part. The diameter and length of the insertion part vary depending on the type of endoscope used to adapt to different examination sites and anatomical structures of the human body.

操作部：位于内窥镜的手持端，医生通过操作部来控制插入部的弯曲角度、吸引、注气、注水等功能，还可以连接各种辅助器械，如活检钳、电切刀等，进行诊断和治疗操作。

Operation section: located at the handheld end of the endoscope, the doctor controls the bending angle, suction, gas injection, water injection and other functions of the insertion section through the operation section. It can also connect various auxiliary instruments, such as biopsy forceps, electric cutters, etc., for diagnosis and treatment operations.

光源系统：为内窥镜提供充足的照明，确保医生能够清晰地观察到人体内部的情况。光源通常采用高强度的氙灯或卤素灯，通过光导纤维或电缆将光线传输到插入部的前端。

Light source system: Provides sufficient illumination for the endoscope, ensuring that doctors can clearly observe the internal conditions of the human body. The light source usually uses high-intensity xenon or halogen lamps, which transmit light to the front end of the insertion part through optical fibers or cables.

成像系统：将内窥镜前端获取的光学图像转换为电子信号，并在显示器上显示出来。成像系统包括图像传感器、图像处理单元和显示器等部分，随着技术的不断发展，现代内窥镜的成像质量越来越高，能够提供更清晰、更详细的图像。

Imaging system: Convert the optical image obtained by the endoscope front end into an electronic signal and display it on the monitor. The imaging system includes image sensors, image processing units, and displays. With the continuous development of technology, the imaging quality of modern endoscopes is becoming higher and higher, providing clearer and more detailed images.

辅助设备：包括吸引器、注气泵、活检钳、电切刀、圈套器等，这些辅助设备与内窥镜配合使用，能够完成各种诊断和治疗操作。

Auxiliary equipment: including suction devices, infusion pumps, biopsy forceps, electric cutters, snare devices, etc. These auxiliary equipment can be used in conjunction with endoscopes to complete various diagnostic and therapeutic operations.

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