电子内窥镜是集光学、电子、信息及机械等多种高新技术为一体的医学仪器，可通过无创或微创的方式进入人体，完成疾病的诊断与，且对人体造成的创伤小，符合现代医学的微创医 疗理念。但电子内窥镜结构复杂、工艺精密，在临床上使用频繁，且每次使用后都要进行、清洗、，过程中会对设备造成一定的损耗；若操作不慎，会造成图像异常等故障，影响疾病的诊断与。因此，相关人员需定期对电子内窥镜进行检查及维护保养，以延长其使用寿命。

Electronic endoscope is a medical instrument that integrates various high-tech technologies such as optics, electronics, information, and machinery. It can enter the human body through non-invasive or minimally invasive methods to complete the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, with minimal trauma to the human body, in line with the minimally invasive medical concept of modern medicine. However, electronic endoscopes have complex structures and precise processes, and are frequently used in clinical practice. After each use, they must be disinfected, cleaned, and sterilized, which can cause certain losses to the equipment; If operated improperly, it can cause image abnormalities and other malfunctions, affecting the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Therefore, relevant personnel need to regularly inspect and maintain the electronic endoscope to extend its service life.

电子内窥镜概述

Overview of electronic endoscopes

电子内窥镜是医疗辅助检查的常用仪器，包括胃镜、肠镜、支气管镜及鼻咽喉镜等。电子内窥镜系统包括电子内镜、影像处理、显示及冷光源等系统，其中电子内镜由光电接头部、操作部、弯曲部、插入部及导光软管等部分组成，各部分 的工作原理具体如下。

Electronic endoscopes are commonly used instruments for medical auxiliary examinations, including gastroscopy, colonoscopy, bronchoscopy, and nasopharyngoscopy. The electronic endoscope system includes electronic endoscopy, image processing, display, and cold light source systems. The electronic endoscope is composed of a photoelectric connector, an operating part, a bending part, an insertion part, and a light guiding hose. The working principles of each part are as follows.

电子内镜的成像原理

The imaging principle of electronic endoscopy

在使用电子内镜时，先将冷光导入人体腔内，利用电荷耦合器件，图像传感器在内镜顶端将光信号转换为电信号，再将电信号传输影像处理系统，在对影像进行处理加工后，将图像传输显示系统中，此时，图像就可清晰出现在显示器上。另外，图像质量的优劣可直接影响电子内窥镜的使用效果。

When using an electronic endoscope, cold light is first introduced into the human body cavity, and a charge coupled device is used. The image sensor converts the light signal into an electrical signal at the top of the endoscope, and then transmits the electrical signal to the image processing system. After processing the image, it is transmitted to the display system. At this time, the image can appear clearly on the display. In addition, the quality of images can directly affect the effectiveness of electronic endoscopes.

电子内镜弯曲部的工作原理

The working principle of the bending part of electronic endoscopy

电子内镜弯曲部的材质为环形金属，可通过牵拉角度钢丝自由活动，而角度钢丝的一端固定在弯曲部的前端，另一端与角度控制旋钮相连接。

The material of the bending part of the electronic endoscope is circular metal, which can be freely moved by pulling the angle steel wire. One end of the angle steel wire is fixed at the front end of the bending part, and the other end is connected to the angle control knob.

电子内镜送水送气的工作原理

The working principle of water and gas delivery in electronic endoscopes

送水送气装置通过三通将水管、气管与喷嘴连接，当需要送水时，按压水气按钮即可带动气泵增压，使水瓶内压力增加，将水由水气管压到人体腔内；当需要送气时，堵住水气按扭，即可将光源气泵内的气体用水气管送到人体腔内。

The water and gas delivery device connects the water pipe, air pipe, and nozzle through a three-way connection. When water needs to be delivered, pressing the water and gas button can drive the air pump to increase pressure, increasing the pressure inside the water bottle and pressing water into the human body through the water and gas pipe; When air supply is needed, block the water and gas button to deliver the gas from the light source air pump to the human body through the water hose.

电子内镜的吸引工作原理

The working principle of suction in electronic endoscopes

吸引与附件的通道在活钳口部汇合，当未按压吸引按钮时，吸引器在按钮上方的空隙处会吸入空气；当按压吸引按钮时，吸引通道与头端相连的钳道口即开始吸引。

The channel for attraction and attachment converges at the movable jaws. When the attraction button is not pressed, the attractor will suck in air in the gap above the button; When the attraction button is pressed, the clamp port connected to the head end of the attraction channel begins to attract.

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