With the development of science and technology, the medical technology of medical profession is constantly improving and advancing. Medical examination equipment is also gradually moving towards precision and intelligence. Today, we are going to take stock of the four distinguishing specifications of medical endoscopes.

医用内窥镜——是医疗职业中常用来查找病因的一种检查设备。可经过人体的天然孔道，或者是经过手术的小切口，使内窥镜镜头进入到人体体内进行拍照，再经过相应的显现设备来显现镜头所拍照到的画面，然后可以更直观，精确地观察人体体内的状况或变化，以便于更快速地找出病因，对症下药。

Medical endoscopy is a kind of examination equipment often used to find the cause of disease in medical profession. The endoscope lens can enter into the human body for taking photos through the natural pore of the human body or through the small incision of the operation, and then display the pictures taken by the lens through the corresponding display equipment, and then observe the condition or change of the human body more intuitively and accurately, so as to find out the cause of the disease more quickly and prescribe the medicine according to the case.

而关于医用内窥镜品种，由于其是需要进入体内的医疗器械产品，所以从出产到运用整个进程的要求都十分严厉，品种区分规范也很严厉，而且还比较多。主要的品种区分规范大致有以下四种：

As for the variety of medical endoscope, because it is a medical device product that needs to enter the body, the requirements of the whole process from production to application are very strict, and the specification of variety differentiation is also very strict, and there are many. There are four main specifications for species differentiation:

一、按医用内窥镜所抵达的部位

1、 According to the position of medical endoscope

可分为耳鼻医用内窥镜、皮肤检测医用内窥镜、眼睛医用内窥镜、口腔内窥镜、牙科内窥镜、神经镜、尿道膀胱镜、电切镜、腹腔镜、关节镜、鼻窦镜、喉镜等。

It can be divided into otorhino medical endoscope, skin detection medical endoscope, eye medical endoscope, oral endoscope, dental endoscope, NeuroScope, urethrocystoscope, electrosurgery, laparoscope, arthroscope, sinusoscope, laryngoscope, etc.
二、按医用内窥镜的开展及成像构造

2、 According to the development and imaging structure of medical endoscope

可大体分为3大类：硬管式内窥镜、纤维内窥镜、电子内窥镜。

It can be roughly divided into three categories: hard tube endoscope, fiber endoscope and electronic endoscope.

纤维内窥镜：由内窥镜镜体和冷光源两部分组成，镜体内有两条光导纤维束: 一条叫光束，另一条叫像束，一端对准目镜，另一端经过物镜片对准被观测物表面，医生经过目镜可以十分直观地看到脏器表面的状况，便于及时精确地确诊病况。

Fiber endoscope: it is composed of two parts: the endoscope body and cold light source. There are two optical fiber bundles in the endoscope body: one is called light beam, the other is called image bundle, one end is aimed at the eyepiece, the other end is aimed at the observed object surface through the object lens, the doctor can see the condition of the organ surface through the eyepiece very intuitively, which is convenient for timely and accurate diagnosis of the disease.

电子内窥镜：不再以光纤传像，而代之以光敏集成电路摄像体系，主要所能显现的不但影像质量好，光亮度强，而且图画大，可以检查出更细小的病变，而且电子内窥镜的外径更细，图画愈加清晰和直观，操作方便。

Electronic endoscope: instead of optical fiber image transmission, it uses photosensitive integrated circuit camera system. What it can show is not only good image quality, strong brightness, but also large picture, which can detect smaller lesions. Moreover, the external diameter of electronic endoscope is smaller, the picture is clearer and more intuitive, and the operation is convenient.

三、按医用内窥镜的功用

3、 According to the function of medical endoscope

可分为单功用镜及多功用镜。

It can be divided into single function mirror and multi-function mirror.

单功用镜：是指没有作业通道，仅有光学体系的观察镜;

Single work mirror: refers to the observation mirror with no operation channel and only optical system;

多功用镜：是指除了具有观察镜的功用为，在同一镜身，还具有少一个以上的作业通道，具有照明、手术、冲刷及招引等多种功用。

Multi function mirror: it refers to the function of the observation mirror. In the same mirror body, it also has at least one operation channel, with lighting, operation, flushing and attracting functions.

四、按医用内窥镜镜身能否改变方向

4、 According to whether the medical endoscope body can change direction

临床上依据内窥镜镜身能否改变方向进行分类：分为硬质镜和弹性软镜两种。硬质镜为棱镜光学体系，长处是成像清晰，可配多个作业通道，选取多个视角。

Clinically, it can be classified according to whether the endoscope body can change its direction: it can be divided into two types: rigid mirror and flexible flexible mirror. Hard mirror is a prism optical system, the biggest advantage is clear imaging, it can be equipped with multiple operation channels, select multiple perspectives.

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