Introduction to the maintenance of endoscopic equipment: applicable symptoms of endoscopy

1.原因不明的刺激性咳嗽

1. Irritating cough of unknown origin

持续10天以上，或咽喉改变了性状，都是应当警惕的信号。它可以是某些炎症的表现，也可能是肺癌的早期症状，但这种症状常被人们忽视。

If it lasts more than 10 days, or the throat changes its character, it should be alert. It can be a manifestation of some inflammation or an early symptom of lung cancer, but this symptom is often ignored.

2.咯血或痰血

2. Hemoptysis or sputum blood

下呼吸道富有血管，出现咯血的机会较多，人们对略血比较警惕。研究证明，因咯血而来做支气管镜检查的约占总检人数的一半，检查后的结果证实约2/3是肺癌，肺癌咯血的特点是少量、新鲜而持续。

The lower respiratory tract is rich in blood vessels, and there are more chances of hemoptysis. Studies have shown that about half of the total number of people who have been examined by bronchoscopy due to hemoptysis. The results of the examination confirm that about 2 / 3 of them are lung cancer. The characteristics of hemoptysis of lung cancer are small amount, fresh and continuous.

3.肺不张

3. Atelectasis

肺不张经x线透视或摄片确定后,应做支气管镜检查。据统计,因肺不张而做支气管镜检查的约占总检人数的1/3,其中由于肺癌所致者占2/3,如此高的阳性率当然是此项检查的适应证。

Bronchoscopy should be performed after pulmonary atelectasis is confirmed by X-ray fluoroscopy or radiography. According to statistics, bronchoscopy due to atelectasis accounts for about 1 / 3 of the total number of examiners, among which 2 / 3 are caused by lung cancer. Such a high positive rate is certainly the indication of this examination.
                  

4.肺门加大或肺门球状或块状影

4. Hilar enlargement or hilum globular or massive shadow

常常是纵隔淋巴结肿大的改变，中心型肺癌常以此表现。支气管镜常见到管腔的挤压变形或腔内新生物,结核性支气管淋巴结炎也有类似改变，支气管镜是取得细胞学或组织学依据的诊断手段。

It is often a mediastinal lymph node enlargement change, central lung cancer often this performance. Bronchoscopy is a diagnostic method to obtain cytological or histological evidence.

5.周围型球状或块状影

5. Peripheral spherical or massive shadow

周围型病变难于定性，虽然支气管镜不易看到周边肺野，但当确定肺段后，远距的细胞学涂片也有较高的阳性率，比经皮肺穿刺或剖胸更易被接受。

It is difficult to determine the nature of peripheral lesions. Although it is not easy to see the peripheral lung fields by bronchoscopy, when the lung segments are determined, the distant cytological smears also have a higher positive rate, which is more acceptable than percutaneous lung puncture or thoracotomy.

6.局限性肺喘鸣

6. Localized pulmonary wheezing

是气管支气管腔狭窄所致，新生物的占位和挤压较为常见,肺癌和结核是主要的原因。

It is caused by tracheobronchial stenosis. The space occupying and squeezing of new organisms are common. Lung cancer and tuberculosis are the main causes.

7.固定部位的反复肺炎

7. Recurrent pneumonia at the fixed site

这可能是肺癌有淋巴管蔓延，也可能伴发感染，临床效果常较一般炎症项固而不易消退。

This may be due to the lymphangiosis of lung cancer, and may also be accompanied by infection. The clinical therapeutic effect is often stronger than that of general inflammation and is not easy to subside.

8.怀疑与支气管病变有联系的症状体征

8. Symptoms and signs suspected to be associated with bronchial lesions

9. 痰液脱落细胞阳性而肺部x线阴性者

9. Sputum exfoliated cells positive and lung X-ray negative

10.肺手术前常规检查

10. Routine examination before lung operation

明确切除的范围及术式，了解正常肺段的情况，以作为手术计划的参考。

Clear resection range and operation method, to understand the situation of normal lung segment, as a reference for surgical planning.

11. 肺癌术后、放疗、化疗过程或随访

11. Lung cancer postoperative, radiotherapy, chemotherapy process or follow-up

支气管镜是观察效果,确定复发,补充的检查手段。

Bronchoscopy is an examination means to observe the effect, determine the recurrence and supplement the treatment.

12.脓栓、黏液栓、脓液等支气管阻塞，改善引流,注人药物脓肿,注入造影剂确定诊断

12. Remove the obstruction of bronchus such as pus, mucus and pus, improve drainage, inject drugs to treat abscess, and inject contrast medium to confirm the diagnosis

13.做肺活检术、肺灌洗术，引导激光电灼止血

13. Lung biopsy and lung lavage were performed to guide laser electrocautery for hemostasis

14.取出支气管异物

14. Remove foreign body in bronchus

支气管异物约98%能从支气管镜取出，阜物较大者可经硬支气管镜取出,异物细微而下落到周边的可用软纤维支气管镜取出,或在X线配合下取出。

About 98% of the foreign bodies in bronchus can be removed from bronchoscope, and those with larger caruncle can be taken out through rigid bronchoscope. If the foreign bodies fall to the periphery, they can be removed by flexible fiber bronchoscope or with the help of X-ray.

不适合的人群

Unsuitable crowd

1.严脏病或肺功能极度不良。

1. Severe heart disease or extremely poor lung function.

2.近期大量咯血。

2. Massive hemoptysis recently.

3.急性肺炎伴高热昏迷，严重肺结核。

3. Acute pneumonia with high fever coma and severe pulmonary tuberculosis.

4.主动脉瘤压迫气管。

4. Aortic aneurysm oppresses trachea.

5.颈椎病或头颈不能后仰、张口困难者,不适于硬支气管检查。

5. Cervical spondylosis or head and neck can not be tilted back, difficult to open mouth, not suitable for hard bronchial examination.

以上就是关于内窥镜检查适合检查哪些症状的介绍，希望对大家有所帮助，如您想要了解更多资讯内容请点击咨询我们的网站:内窥镜设备维修http://www.jiangrenyiliao.cn。

The above is about what symptoms are suitable for endoscopy. I hope it will be helpful for you. If you want to know more, please click our website: endoscopic equipment maintenance http://www.jiangrenyiliao.cn 。