As the main tool of minimally invasive surgery, the development of medical endoscope is still very promising. The repair and maintenance of endoscope is also very important. The imaging quality of electronic endoscope is higher and gradually becomes the mainstream of the market.

内窥镜厂商集中度较高，日本和德国厂商占据引领地位，进口替代程度较低，国产产品总体占比不足5%。

The concentration of endoscopic manufacturers is high, Japanese and German manufacturers occupy the leading position, and the degree of import substitution is low. The overall proportion of domestic products is less than 5%.

软性内窥镜领域壁垒很高，由于日本企业在光学领域的技术积累和先进水平，全球范围的市场基本被奥林巴斯、宾得、富士等日企瓜分，合计占据90%以上的市场份额。

Due to the technology accumulation and advanced level of Japanese enterprises in the optical field, the global market is basically divided up by Olympus, Pentax, Fuji and other Japanese enterprises, accounting for more than 90% of the total market share.

国产产品与进口产品在光学积累和加工工艺上存在较大差距，进口替代进程缓慢。部分国产企业有涉及消化道软镜，但是以较为低端的标清产品为主，开立和澳华近年推出了国产高清消化道软镜，性能有一定提升，但是目前客户主要以二级及以下医院采购为主，进入三级医院存在难度。

There is a big gap between domestic products and imported products in optical accumulation and processing technology, and the process of import substitution is slow. Some domestic enterprises have involved in digestive tract soft mirror, but mainly low-end standard definition products. Kaifa and Aohua have launched domestic high-definition digestive tract soft mirror in recent years, and the performance has been improved to a certain extent. However, at present, customers mainly purchase from secondary and lower hospitals, and it is difficult to enter tertiary hospitals.
            

①内窥镜行业技术壁垒很高：内窥镜是集光学、电子、结构、材料等多学科技术为一体的器械，技术壁垒高。镜体内部包含多个通道，包括照明光纤、传像光纤、传气通道、传水通道等，需要多个专业领域的人才相互配合。

① The technical barrier of endoscope industry is very high: endoscope is an instrument integrating optics, electronics, structure, materials and other multidisciplinary technologies, with high technical barrier. The mirror body contains multiple channels, including lighting optical fiber, image transmission optical fiber, air transmission channel, water transmission channel, etc., which requires the cooperation of talents from multiple professional fields.

光学技术：核心部件是镜头和图像传感器，技术难点是摄像头光学模组设计。

Optical technology: the core components are lens and image sensor, and the technical difficulty is the design of camera optical module.

图像处理算法与成像：降噪技术和边缘增强技术，例如NBI窄带成像技术和FICE分光技术等，且日本厂家已经申请了很多权利进行保护。

Image processing algorithm and imaging: noise reduction technology and edge enhancement technology, such as NBI narrow-band imaging technology and fice spectroscopy technology, and Japanese manufacturers have applied for many rights to protect.

材料与加工工艺：在细微构造、材料等方面，有大量的权利和技术要诀。例如找到软硬适中的材料适于插入，量产超细部分加工与组装工艺。

Materials and processing technology: there are a lot of rights and technical tips in the aspects of fine structure and materials. For example, to find suitable soft and hard materials for insertion, mass production of ultra-fine parts processing and assembly process.

②先发优势明显，老牌企业已建立产业护城河。

② The first mover advantage is obvious, and the old brand enterprises have established the industrial moat.

上游技术封锁：阻断上游核心部件出口，提前布局进行封锁，且海外企业不在国内设立研发中心，防止人才与技术流失。

Upstream technology blockade: block the export of upstream core components, layout ahead of time for blockade, and overseas enterprises do not set up R & D centers in China to prevent the loss of talents and technology.