医用电子内窥镜是一种可插入人体腔体和内脏腔进行直接观察、诊断和治疗的医用电子光学仪器。可以直接观察人体内部器官的组织形态，提高诊断的准确性。医疗外科诊疗技术与医用内窥镜相结合的诸多优势已得到医学界的认可。下面讲一下医用电子内窥镜的基本结构和工作原理。

Medical electronic endoscope is a kind of medical electronic optical instrument that can be inserted into human body cavity and visceral cavity for direct observation, diagnosis and treatment. It can directly observe the tissue morphology of human internal organs and improve the accuracy of diagnosis. Many advantages of the combination of medical surgical diagnosis and treatment technology and medical endoscope have been recognized by the medical community. Now let's talk about the basic structure and working principle of medical electronic endoscope.

一、基本结构

1、 Basic structure

电子内窥镜的主要结构由CCD耦合腔镜、腔内冷光照明系统、视频处理系统、显示打印系统组成。CCD耦合腔镜将CCD耦合装置放置在腔镜的尖端，直接对腔内的组织或部位进行拍照，并通过电缆将信号传输到图像的中心。

The main structure of electronic endoscope is composed of CCD coupling cavity mirror, cavity cold light lighting system, video processing system and display printing system. CCD coupling cavity mirror places the CCD coupling device at the tip of the cavity mirror, directly takes photos of the tissues or parts in the cavity, and transmits the signal to the center of the image through the cable.

内窥镜的历史经历了从硬式光学内窥镜到光纤内窥镜再到电子内窥镜的过程。内窥镜不通过光学透镜或光纤传输图像，而是通过安装在内窥镜尖端的称为“微型相机”的光电耦合元件CCD将光能转换为电能，然后由图像处理器“重构”.高清、逼真的图像显示在监视器屏幕上。

The history of endoscope has gone through the process from hard optical endoscope to optical fiber endoscope and then to electronic endoscope. The endoscope does not transmit images through optical lens or optical fiber, but converts light energy into electric energy through the photoelectric coupling element CCD called "micro camera" installed on the tip of the endoscope, and then "reconstructs" by the image processor High definition and realistic images are displayed on the monitor screen.

二、工作原理

2、 Working principle

电子内窥镜的工作原理是冷光源照射到被检查或手术部位后，物镜将待测物体成像在CCD感光面上，CCD将光信号转换成电信号，即通过电缆传输到视频处理器。显示在监视器上。

The working principle of the electronic endoscope is that after the cold light source irradiates the examined or operated part, the objective lens images the object to be measured on the CCD photosensitive surface, and the CCD converts the optical signal into an electrical signal, that is, it is transmitted to the video processor through the cable. Displayed on the monitor.

CCD的感光面由规则排列的二极管组成，每个二极管称为一个像素，像素的数量决定了图像的质量。目前的生产工艺一般可以达到30万到41万像素。

The photosensitive surface of CCD is composed of regularly arranged diodes. Each diode is called a pixel. The number of pixels determines the quality of the image. The current production process can generally reach 300000 to 410000 pixels.
 

电子内窥镜的靶面和有效尺寸约为Fi（外径）=2mm，CCD输出信号的一级放大电路也应包含在2mm的圆柱体积内。电子内窥镜图像的质量主要取决于CCD的性能，其次是驱动电路和后处理系统的技术指标，包括分辨率、灵敏度、信号噪声、光谱响应、暗电流、动态范围和图像滞后.

The target surface and effective size of the electronic endoscope are about fi (outer diameter) =2mm, and the primary amplification circuit of the CCD output signal should also be included in the 2mm cylindrical volume. The quality of electronic endoscope image mainly depends on the performance of CCD, followed by the technical indicators of driving circuit and post-processing system, including resolution, sensitivity, signal noise, spectral response, dark current, dynamic range and image lag

内窥镜设备维修人员认为有几种方法可以安装CCD。当设计CCD替代纤维镜中的光纤图像光束时，形成了将CCD安装在电子内窥镜尖端的一种方法，即CCD的受光面垂直于扫描方向。物镜的光轴。这是一个非常简单的结构。在这种情况下，必须使用超小型CCD，以便缩短尖端的刚性部分。

There are several ways to install CCD. When the CCD is designed to replace the optical fiber image beam in the fiber mirror, a method of installing the CCD on the tip of the electronic endoscope is formed, that is, the light receiving surface of the CCD is perpendicular to the scanning direction. Optical axis of objective lens. This is a very simple structure. In this case, a subminiature CCD must be used in order to shorten the rigid part of the tip.

二是CCD的受光面与物镜的光轴平行，物镜发出的光通过90°转向棱镜照射到CCD的受光面上。这种结构的电子内窥镜增加像素数的空间很大，目前逐渐采用这种安装方式。

Second, the light receiving surface of the CCD is parallel to the optical axis of the objective lens, and the light emitted by the objective lens shines on the light receiving surface of the CCD through a 90 ° turning prism. The electronic endoscope with this structure has a large space to increase the number of pixels, and this installation method is gradually adopted at present.

医用电子内窥镜的基本组成结构及工作原理相关内容就讲到这里了，如果您的需求是购买或者维修该设备，那您可以来关注我们网站http://www.jiangrenyiliao.cn，为您解答疑问。

That's all for the basic structure and working principle of medical electronic endoscope. If your need is to buy or repair the equipment, you can follow our website http://www.jiangrenyiliao.cn , to answer your questions.