1、 Analysis of common faults of optical lens and Countermeasures

　　关节镜头是关节镜系统的中心局部，直接关系到关节镜手术图像质量的好坏。关节镜头包括透光系统、光导纤维、光缆接头、金属鞘和目镜。由于光学镜头结构精细，在它的物镜端、金属鞘、光缆线头及目镜端易受损伤。

　　Arthroscopic lens is the central part of the arthroscopic system, which is directly related to the quality of arthroscopic surgery image. Joint lens includes light transmission system, optical fiber, optical cable connector, metal sheath and eyepiece. Because of the fine structure of the optical lens, it is easy to be damaged at its objective end, metal sheath, optical cable thread end and eyepiece end.

　　常见的问题如下：

　　Common problems are as follows:

　　①物镜端、目镜端玻璃破碎：与空中和周边设备的碰撞；和器械盒的碰撞；

　　① Broken glass at objective and eyepiece ends: collision with air and surrounding equipment; collision with instrument box;

　　②物镜端磨损变 形：术中与剖削器碰撞；

　　② Wear and deformation of objective lens end: collision with cutter during operation;

　　③目镜端起雾：密封圈走漏；

　　③ Fogging at eyepiece end: leakage of sealing ring;

　　④金属鞘弯曲变形、凹痕：

　　④ Bending deformation and dent of metal sheath:

　　⑤与空中和周边设备的碰撞； 和器械盒的碰撞；

　　⑤ Collision with air and surrounding equipment; collision with equipment box;

　　⑥运用不当。光缆接头决裂、进水：运用后立刻冷水冲洗或生理盐水浸泡。

　　⑥ Improper use. Cable connector crack, water: after use, immediately wash with cold water or soak in saline.

　　处理对策：

　　Countermeasures:

　　①防止碰撞：镜头是关节镜设备中为精细而又昂贵的，因而，操作过程要十分当心，勿与硬物碰撞；专科组划分，专科护士配合手术；

　　① Collision prevention: the lens is the most delicate and expensive in the arthroscopic equipment, therefore, the operation process should be very careful, do not collide with hard objects; the specialized group is divided, and the specialized nurses cooperate with the operation;

　　②回收镜头时应有维护套或专用镜头盒，并且一对一的单独交接即洗手护士与器械室专职护士一对一的交接，不放置器械盒内，分清义务，防止混放；

　　② There should be a maintenance set or a special lens box when the lens is recycled, and a one-to-one separate handover means that the hand washing nurse and the full-time nurse in the instrument room hand over one-to-one, do not place the lens in the instrument box, distinguish the obligations, and prevent mixing;

　　③镜头运用后待接头冷却前方可清洗，防止在拆卸镜头时生理盐水的浸泡；

　　③ After the lens is used, it can be cleaned before the connector is cooled, so as to prevent the immersion of physiological saline when the lens is disassembled;

　　④物镜端磨损主要是剖削器术中运用不当碰撞形成，多是由操作者技术不纯熟形成；

　　④ The wear of the objective lens is mainly caused by improper collision during the operation of the cutter, which is mostly caused by the operator's unskilled technology;

　　关于刚能够独立操作手术的内镜医师，虽然资质和学时都达标了，但是临床操作经历不丰厚，此类医师所做的手术普通都是关节镜探查或清算等简单的手术，关于这样的医师，我们应用国产镜头完整能够完成手术，并在术中会提示医师当心镜头。

　　As for the endoscopists who are just able to operate independently, although their qualifications and class hours are up to the standard, their clinical operation experience is not rich. The surgeons usually perform simple operations such as arthroscopic exploration or liquidation. As for such doctors, we can complete the operation by using the domestic lens, and remind the doctors to be careful of the lens during the operation.