按照内窥镜的发展和成像结构主要分为3大类，分别是硬管式内镜、光学纤维（软管式）内镜和电子内镜。

According to the development and imaging structure of endoscopes, they are mainly divided into three categories: rigid tube endoscopes, optical fiber (flexible tube) endoscopes, and electronic endoscopes.

纤维内窥镜由内窥镜镜体和冷光源两部分组成，镜体内有两条光导纤维束: 一条叫光束，另一条叫像束，一端对准目镜，另一端通过物镜片对准被观测物表面，医生通过目镜能够非常直观地看到脏器表面的情况，便于及时准确地诊断病情。

A fiber endoscope consists of two parts: the endoscope body and a cold light source. There are two optical fiber bundles inside the endoscope body: one is called a beam, and the other is called an image bundle. One end is aimed at the eyepiece, and the other end is aimed at the surface of the object being observed through the object lens. Doctors can see the condition of the organ surface very intuitively through the eyepiece, which is convenient for timely and accurate diagnosis of the disease.

电子内窥镜不再以光纤传像，而代之以光敏集成电路摄像系统，主要所能显示的不但影像质量好，光亮度强，而且图像大，可以检查出更细小的病变，而且电子内窥镜的外径更细，图像更加清晰和直观，操作方便。

Electronic endoscopes are no longer transmitting images through optical fibers, but are replaced by photosensitive integrated circuit camera systems. They can display not only good image quality, strong brightness, but also large images, which can detect smaller lesions. In addition, the outer diameter of electronic endoscopes is thinner, the images are clearer and more intuitive, and the operation is convenient.

按照功能分类：

Classified by function:

1、用于消化道的内镜；

1. Endoscopy for the digestive tract;

2、用于呼吸系统的内镜；

2. Endoscopy for the respiratory system;

3、用于腹膜腔的内镜；

3. Endoscopy for the peritoneal cavity;

4、用于胆道的内镜；

4. Endoscopy for the biliary tract;

5、用于泌尿系的内镜；

5. Endoscopy for the urinary system;

6、用于妇科的内镜；

6. Endoscopy for gynecology;

7、用于血管的内镜；

7. Endoscopy for blood vessels;

8、用于关节的内镜。

8. Endoscopy for joints.