内窥镜是指通过管道将可以拍摄显像的仪器送入人体，这样就能够直观的对人体内部的组织状态进行观察的医学检查手段。目前临床常用的内窥镜包括有胃镜、肠镜、膀胱镜、支气管镜、胸腔镜、腹腔镜等，内窥镜是检查的直接，准确的金标准。在胃镜、肠镜、膀胱镜等检查下，可以直接肉眼观察到组织表面的情况，显示X光片和CT、核磁共振检查所不能发现的病变情况。对于溃疡、肿瘤、炎症等疾病的诊断是有帮助的，并且可以在内窥镜的条件下直接取组织病理活检甚做，例如切除胃息肉、肠息肉等。胸腔镜和腹腔镜则是直接用内窥镜的条件之下进行手术，包括胆囊炎或者其它肿物的切除，都可以用这种内窥镜的手段进行。内窥镜的辅助之下进行的的创伤是非常小的，相比普通的开胸、开腹手术，内窥镜是属于微创手术。

　　Endoscope refers to a medical examination and treatment method that uses a pipeline to send imaging instruments into the human body, allowing for intuitive observation of the internal tissue state of the body. At present, commonly used endoscopes in clinical practice include gastroscopy, colonoscopy, cystoscopy, bronchoscopy, thoracoscopy, laparoscopy, etc. Endoscopy is the direct and accurate gold standard for examination. Under gastroscopy, colonoscopy, cystoscopy and other examinations, the surface of the tissue can be directly observed with the naked eye, displaying lesions that cannot be detected by X-rays, CT and MRI examinations. It is helpful for the diagnosis of diseases such as ulcers, tumors, and inflammation, and can directly take tissue pathological biopsies or even perform treatments under endoscopic conditions, such as removing gastric polyps, intestinal polyps, etc. Thoracoscopy and laparoscopy are surgical treatments performed directly under the conditions of an endoscope, including the removal of cholecystitis or other tumors, which can be performed using this endoscopic method. The trauma of treatment with the assistance of endoscopy is very small, and compared to ordinary open chest and abdominal surgery, endoscopic treatment is a minimally invasive surgery.

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