医疗内窥镜：
Medical endoscope:
是用于人体微创医疗的一种内窥镜工具，通过人体的自然腔道，或者是经手术行小切口进入人体内，将内窥镜导入检查的器官，可直接获取图像。本期主要介绍医疗内窥镜的电子内窥镜（下文将内窥镜简称为镜）。
It is an endoscope tool for minimally invasive medical treatment of human body. It enters the human body through the natural cavity of the human body or through a small incision through surgery, and the endoscope is introduced into the examined organs to directly obtain images. This issue mainly introduces the electronic endoscope of medical endoscope (hereinafter referred to as endoscope).
关于医疗内窥镜硬镜部分的介绍，请点击：
For an introduction to the hard part of medical endoscope, please click:
电子镜
Electronic mirror
特点
characteristic
电子内窥镜，主要由先端CCD/CMOS芯片、腔内光源系统、软镜机械部分组成。电子镜先端的微型图像传感器CCD采集图像，将光信号转变为电信号，电信号通过镜身线路传出，到摄像系统设备，最终形成图像。电子镜内部结构是电子系统，传导的是数字信号。
The electronic endoscope is mainly composed of advanced CCD / CMOS chip, intracavity light source system and soft mirror mechanical part. The micro image sensor CCD at the front of the electronic mirror collects the image and converts the optical signal into an electrical signal. The electrical signal is transmitted through the mirror body line to the camera system equipment, and finally forms the image. The internal structure of the electronic mirror is an electronic system, which transmits digital signals.
电子内窥镜在医院内镜室的诊断和手术起着十分重要的作用，具有灵活定好、分辨率高、易于诊断、管径细等优点。电子镜包括：电子硬镜，电子软镜，及其他电子镜。这里主要介绍电子软镜。

Electronic endoscopy plays a very important role in the diagnosis and operation of hospital endoscopy room. It has the advantages of flexible setting, high resolution, easy diagnosis, thin diameter and so on. Electronic mirrors include: electronic hard mirrors, electronic soft mirrors, and other electronic mirrors. This paper mainly introduces the electronic soft mirror.
结构
structure
电子软镜由先端，插入管，操作部，连接部构成。其中先端和插入管由人体自然腔道进入，医生手持操作部进行操作，控制电子软镜先端在人体内的位置，连接部连接摄像光源系统，将先端采集的图像信号传出图像。
The electronic soft mirror is composed of a tip, an insertion tube, an operation part and a connecting part. The tip and the insertion tube enter from the natural cavity of the human body, the doctor operates with the operation part, controls the position of the tip of the electronic soft mirror in the human body, and the connection part is connected with the camera light source system to send the image signal collected by the tip out of the image.
原理
principle
电子软镜和纤维软镜的区别是，电子软镜通过先端CCD/CMOS芯片采集图像，镜身传导的是数字信号。纤维软镜是通过光学纤维，传导物理图像，没有芯片电路。
The difference between electronic soft mirror and fiber soft mirror is that the electronic soft mirror collects images through the leading CCD / CMOS chip, and the mirror body transmits digital signals. Fiber soft mirror transmits physical images through optical fibers without chip circuit.
电子软镜通过CCD/CMOS芯片采集图像，图像质量高清。纤维软镜为图像束成像，图像质量为蜂窝点状，非高清。
The electronic soft mirror collects images through CCD / CMOS chip, and the image quality is high-definition. Fiber soft mirror is image beam imaging, and the image quality is honeycomb point, non HD.
应用
application
医疗电子镜主要包括：
Medical electronic mirror mainly includes:
消化科：电子食道镜、超声电子食道镜、电子胃镜、超声电子胃镜、电子肠镜（十二指肠、小肠、结肠）
Gastroenterology department: electronic esophagoscope, ultrasonic electronic esophagoscope, electronic gastroscope, ultrasonic electronic gastroscope, electronic enteroscope (duodenum, small intestine, colon)
呼吸科：电子鼻咽镜、电子支气管镜
Respiratory department: electronic nasopharyngoscope, electronic bronchoscope
外科：电子腹腔镜、电子胆道镜
Surgery: electronic laparoscope, electronic choledochoscope
泌尿科：电子输尿管镜
Urology: electronic Ureteroscopy
其他：胶囊内窥镜、3D电子镜
Others: capsule endoscope, 3D electronic endoscope