As the main tool of minimally invasive surgery, the development of medical endoscope is still very promising. The repair and maintenance of endoscope is also very important. The imaging quality of electronic endoscope is higher and has gradually become the mainstream of the market.

内窥镜厂商集中度较高，日本和德国厂商占据主导地位，进口替代程度较低，国产产品总体占比不足5%。

Endoscope manufacturers are highly concentrated, dominated by Japanese and German manufacturers, with a low degree of import substitution, and the overall proportion of domestic products is less than 5%.

软性内窥镜领域壁垒极高，由于日本企业在光学领域的技术积累和水平，全球范围的市场基本被奥林巴斯、宾得、富士等日企瓜分，合计占据90%以上的市场份额。

Barriers in the field of soft endoscopes are extremely high. Due to the technology accumulation and leading level of Japanese enterprises in the optical field, the global market is basically divided by Japanese enterprises such as Olympus, Pentax and Fuji, accounting for more than 90% of the market share.

国产产品与进口产品在光学积累和加工工艺上存在较大差距，进口替代进程缓慢。部分国产企业（上海成运、上海医光、上海澳华光电）有涉及消化道软镜，但是以较为低端的标清产品为主，开立和澳华近年推出了国产高清消化道软镜，性能有一定提升，但是目前客户主要以二级及以下医院采购为主，进入三级医院存在难度。

There is a big gap between domestic products and imported products in optical accumulation and processing technology, and the process of import substitution is slow. Some domestic enterprises (Shanghai Chengyun, Shanghai Yiguang and Shanghai Aohua Optoelectronics) are involved in digestive tract soft mirrors, but they mainly focus on low-end standard definition products. Kaikai and Aohua have launched domestic high-definition digestive tract soft mirrors in recent years, and their performance has been improved to a certain extent. However, at present, customers are mainly purchased from level II and below hospitals, so it is difficult to enter level III hospitals.

①内窥镜行业技术壁垒极高：内窥镜是集光学、电子、结构、材料等多学科技术为一体的器械，技术壁垒极高。镜体内部包含多个通道，包括照明光纤、传像光纤、传气通道、传水通道等，需要多个领域的人才相互配合。

① The endoscope industry has extremely high technical barriers: the endoscope is an instrument integrating multi-disciplinary technologies such as optics, electronics, structure and materials, with extremely high technical barriers. The interior of the mirror body contains multiple channels, including lighting fiber, image fiber, air channel, water channel, etc., which need the cooperation of talents in multiple professional fields.

光学技术：核心部件是镜头和图像传感器，技术难点是摄像头光学模组设计。

Optical technology: the core components are lens and image sensor, and the technical difficulty is the design of camera optical module.

图像处理算法与成像：降噪技术和边缘增强技术，例如NBI窄带成像技术和FICE分光技术等，且日本厂家已经申请了很多进行保护。

Image processing algorithm and imaging: noise reduction technology and edge enhancement technology, such as NBI narrowband imaging technology and fice spectroscopy technology, and Japanese manufacturers have applied for many patents for protection.

材料与加工工艺：在细微构造、材料等方面，有大量的和技术要诀。例如找到软硬适中的材料适于插入，量产超细部分加工与组装工艺。

Materials and processing technology: there are a large number of patents and technical know-how in terms of fine structure and materials. For example, find materials with moderate hardness and softness suitable for insertion and mass production of ultra-fine part processing and assembly process.

②先发优势明显，老牌企业已建立产业护城河。

② The first mover advantage is obvious, and the old enterprises have established an industrial moat.

上游技术封锁：阻断上游核心部件出口，提前布局进行封锁，且海外企业不在国内设立研发中心，防止人才与技术流失。

Upstream technology blockade: block the export of upstream core components, conduct patent blockade in advance, and overseas enterprises do not set up R & D centers in China to prevent the loss of talents and technology.