内窥镜是一种常用的医疗器械，经人体的自然孔道或经手术做的小切口进入人体内，使用时将内窥镜导入预检查的器官，可直接窥视有关部位的变化。下面内窥镜设备维修人员来讲讲内窥镜设备的分类、结构与功能事项。

Endoscope is a commonly used medical instrument. It enters the human body through a natural orifice or a small incision made by surgery. When it is used, the endoscope is introduced into the organs to be examined, and the changes of the relevant parts can be directly observed. Next, the maintenance personnel of endoscope equipment will talk about the classification, structure and function of endoscope equipment.

（1）脑内窥镜

(1) Brain endoscope

（2）耳鼻喉内窥镜

(2) Otorhinolaryngoscope

（3）胸腔镜

(3) Thoracoscope

（4）支气管内窥镜

(4) Bronchoscope

（5）上消化道通用内窥镜

(5) General endoscope of upper digestive tract

（6）腹腔镜

(6) Laparoscopy

（7）十二指肠镜

(7) Duodenoscope

（8）胰管镜

(8) Pancreaticoscope

（9）胆道镜

(9) Choledochoscope

（10）小肠内窥镜

(10) Small intestine endoscope

（11）大肠内窥镜

(11) Large intestine endoscope

（12）直肠镜

(12) Rectoscope

临床上根据内窥镜镜身能否改变方向进行分类：分为硬质镜和弹性软镜两种。硬镜镜身主体不可弯曲或扭转，主要进入人体无菌组织、器官或经外科切口进入人体无菌腔室，如腹腔镜、关节镜、椎间盘镜等。软镜镜身柔软可弯，主要通过人体自然腔道来完成检测、诊断和治疗，如胃镜、肠镜、喉镜等。

Clinically, the endoscope can be classified according to whether it can change its direction: it is divided into two types: rigid mirror and elastic soft mirror. The main body of rigid mirror can not be bent or twisted. It mainly enters the sterile tissues and organs of human body or enters the sterile cavity of human body through surgical incision, such as laparoscope, arthroscope, intervertebral disc mirror, etc. The body of the soft mirror is flexible and flexible, mainly through the natural cavity of the human body to complete detection, diagnosis and treatment, such as gastroscope, enteroscope, laryngoscope, etc.

按内窥镜所到达的部位不同进行分类：分为耳鼻、口腔内窥镜、牙科内窥镜、神经镜、尿道膀胱镜、输尿管镜、肾镜、电切镜、腹腔镜、关节镜、血管内腔镜、鼻窦镜、喉镜等。

It is classified according to the location of the endoscope: otorhinoscope, oral endoscope, dental endoscope, neuroscope, urethrocystoscope, ureteroscope, nephroscope, electroscope, laparoscopy, arthroscope, intravascular endoscope, sinusoscope, laryngoscope, etc.

医用内窥镜的关键技术主要包括图像采集、图像后处理及照明方式。

The key technologies of medical endoscope mainly include image acquisition, image post-processing and lighting mode.

图像采集系统一般由成像镜头、微型图像传感器、采集和处理电路等部分组成。其中图像传感器是感受光学图像信息并转换成可用输出信号的传感器，是组成数字摄像头的重要组成部分，可分为电荷耦合元件（CCD）和和金属氧化物半导体元件（CMOS）两大类，与CCD相比，CMOS具有体积小、耗电量低、成本低、高度系统整合等优点。CCD技术被日企垄断，CMOS国内外差距不大，有望替代CCD。

Image acquisition system is generally composed of imaging lens, micro image sensor, acquisition and processing circuit, etc. Among them, image sensor is a sensor that senses optical image information and converts it into usable output signal. It is an important part of digital camera. It can be divided into charge coupled device (CCD) and metal oxide semiconductor device (CMOS). Compared with CCD, CMOS has the advantages of small size, low power consumption, low cost and high system integration. CCD technology is monopolized by Japanese enterprises, and CMOS has a small gap at home and abroad, and is expected to replace CCD.

图像后处理：降噪算法在提升图像质量方面发挥着关键性的作用，有助于解决运动模糊问题；另外边缘增强也是一种非常重要的图像处理技术，它能帮助医生更全面地查看组织中的非正常现象，如生成对比度较强烈的血管视图、改进组织纹理图像以及粘膜表面图像的视图质量等。

Image post-processing: noise reduction algorithm plays a key role in improving image quality, helping to solve the problem of motion blur; In addition, edge enhancement is also a very important image processing technology, which can help doctors more comprehensively view abnormal phenomena in tissues, such as generating blood vessel views with strong contrast, improving the view quality of tissue texture images and mucosal surface images.

照明色彩的还原性是否良好直接关系到整个内窥镜的性能。光单元通常由氙灯或者金属卤素灯泡构成，主要由功率电子系统组成。还有相关内窥镜事项就来咨询我们http://www.jiangrenyiliao.cn吧！

The restoration of lighting color is directly related to the performance of the whole endoscope. The light unit is usually composed of xenon lamp or metal halide bulb, mainly composed of power electronic system. If you have any questions about endoscope, please consult us http://www.jiangrenyiliao.cn Come on!