内窥镜泛指各种管道进入人体，以观察人体内部状况的医疗仪器。
Endoscopes generally refer to medical instruments that enter the human body through various channels to observe the internal conditions of the human body.
利用内窥镜可以看到X射线不能显示的病变，因此，对医生非常有用。
Using an endoscope can see lesions that cannot be displayed by X-rays, making it very useful for doctors.
比如借助内窥镜，医生使用胃镜可以观察胃内的溃疡和肿瘤，根据此制定最佳的制造方案。
For example, with the help of an endoscope, doctors can observe ulcers and tumors in the stomach and develop the best manufacturing plan based on this.
部分内窥镜同时具有治疗的功能。
Some endoscopes also have therapeutic functions.
内窥镜包括膀胱镜、胃镜、大肠镜、支气管镜、腹腔镜等。
Endoscopy includes cystoscopy, gastroscopy, colonoscopy, bronchoscopy, laparoscopy, etc.
膀胱镜可以检查尿道、膀胱的情况，胃镜可以检查胃、食道、十二指肠的情况，肠镜可以检查结肠、直肠的情况，支气管镜可以检查气管、支气管的情况，腹腔镜可以检查腹腔脏器的情况。
Cystoscopy can check the condition of the urethra and bladder, gastroscopy can check the condition of the stomach, esophagus, and duodenum, colonoscopy can check the condition of the colon and rectum, bronchoscopy can check the condition of the trachea and bronchi, and laparoscopy can check the condition of abdominal organs.
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