Hard endoscope is a kind of expensive and high-frequency precision equipment. It seems to be solid, but in fact, it is fragile, which may cause damage to the mirror in all aspects of use.

（1）手术操作过程中的跌落、碰撞、不正确的拿取方法、使用不适当的手术器械、医生使用时的野蛮用力等都会导致镜子的损坏。

(1) In the process of operation, the drop, collision, incorrect handling method, improper use of surgical instruments, and the brute force of doctors will lead to the damage of the mirror.

（2）清洗过程是引起内窥镜损坏的第二大杀手。部分非护士在清洗时搞不清楚清洗的方法与步骤，造成镜子的挤压或被其他利器损伤，导致其密封性能受损而引发漏水，物镜、目镜受到污染。

(2) Cleaning and sterilization process is the second biggest killer of endoscope damage. Some non professional nurses are not clear about the methods and steps of cleaning and disinfection during cleaning, resulting in the extrusion of the mirror or damage by other sharp tools, resulting in the damage of its sealing performance and water leakage, and the objective lens and eyepiece are polluted.

（3）清洗完毕后不加保护措施存放也会导致镜子的损坏。

(3) The mirror will be damaged if it is stored without protective measures after cleaning.

使用时的注意事项：

Precautions during use:
 镜体与工作管的连接处是硬镜的主要受力处，容易出现弯折现象。平时在拿取存放时应采取正确的持镜方法，一手握住镜体，另一手托住镜管，轻拿轻放。在手术过程中，尽量避免与带有刃口的手术器械放在一起。禁止镜子垂直摆放，禁止敲击镜身。

The connection between the mirror body and the working tube is the main force bearing part of the hard mirror, which is prone to bending. At ordinary times, the correct method of holding the mirror should be adopted when taking and storing, holding the mirror body with one hand, holding the mirror tube with the other hand, and handle it gently. During the operation, try to avoid putting it together with the surgical instrument with a cutting edge. It is forbidden to place the mirror vertically and knock on the mirror body.

保养方法：

Maintenance method:

（1）严格遵循镜子的保养原则，轻拿轻放，单独摆放，不能碰撞。

(1) Strictly follow the maintenance principle of the mirror, handle it with care and place it separately without collision.

（2）防止镜子起雾。手术前用温热水浸泡，涂防雾油，术中可以在肝或肠壁上蹭一下。

(2) Prevent the mirror from fogging. Before the operation, soak in warm water and apply anti fog oil. During the operation, rub on the liver or intestinal wall.

（3）不能使用超声波清洗内窥镜。

(3) Do not use ultrasonic to clean the endoscope.

（4）控制预真空压力蒸汽的时间。通常可以使用预真空压力蒸汽的镜子会在内镜上标注Autoclave。温度在132~134℃时时间应少于5min，温度在121℃时时间应少于20min，且在预真空压力蒸汽后一定要自然冷却。

(4) Control the time of pre vacuum pressure steam sterilization. Autoclave is usually marked on the endoscope when a pre vacuum pressure steam sterilized mirror is used. The sterilization time should be less than 5min when the temperature is 132-134 ℃, and 20min when the temperature is 121 ℃.

（5）不要频繁地更换方法，否则会破坏镜子的密封性。

(5) Do not change the sterilization method frequently, otherwise the sealing of the mirror will be damaged.

（6）内镜在任何溶液中的浸泡时间不能超过60min。

(6) The immersion time of endoscope in any solution shall not exceed 60min.

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