1. What is the technology of intervertebral foramen?

　　椎间孔内窥镜是脊柱内窥镜的一种。一般来说，配备有光源的管用于从患者身体后面或后面的区域通过小切口进入椎间盘突出部进行手术。手术的主要步骤是用各种精细工具去除突出的病理组织、，去除骨质增生和神经松解。椎间孔内窥镜手术创伤小、效果好、术后恢复快，是目前国际脊柱外科腰椎间盘突出症领域公认的、微创技术之一。

　　Intervertebral foramen endoscope is a kind of spinal endoscope. In general, a tube equipped with a light source is used to enter the protrusion of the intervertebral disc through a small incision from the back or a safe area behind the patient's body for surgery. The main procedure of the operation is to remove the protruding pathological tissue, bone hyperplasia and neurolysis with various fine tools. It is recognized as one of the advanced and minimally invasive technologies in the field of international spine surgery to treat lumbar disc herniation.

　　椎间孔镜技术的创始人是美籍华人安东尼杨，他在1998年发明了同轴内窥镜，为椎间孔镜技术奠定了基础。2002年，德国人托马斯霍格兰(Thomas Hoogland)在安东尼杨(Anthony Yeung)的基础上发明了该系统技术，使椎间孔镜技术更加成熟。虽然我国学者在椎间孔镜技术领域起步较晚，但目前已处于世界前列地位。我国学者在国外研究的基础上发展了椎间孔镜技术，形成了自己的技术特点。

　　Anthony young, a Chinese American, invented the coaxial endoscope in 1998, which laid the foundation for the technology. In 2002, Thomas HOOLAND, a German, invented the system technology on the basis of Anthony Yeung, which made the technology of intervertebral foramen more mature. Although scholars in our country started late in the field of intervertebral foramen, they are in the forefront of the world. On the basis of foreign research, Chinese scholars have developed the technology of intervertebral foramen and formed their own technical characteristics.

　　2.哪些患者可以进行椎间孔内窥镜手术？

　　2. Which patients can have endoscopic surgery?

　　总的来说，各种类型的腰椎间盘突出症、、椎间盘源性腰痛、、腰椎管狭窄症、、以根症状为主要疾病的腰椎滑脱症都适合椎间孔手术。特别是一些患有多种疾病的老年患者不能进行全身麻醉或开放手术，而可以选择椎间孔手术。此外，随着椎间孔器械和技术的进步，椎间孔手术的适应证也在扩大。目前，一些胸椎管狭窄的颈椎病患者也可以尝试椎间孔手术。

　　In general, various types of lumbar disc herniation, discogenic low back pain, lumbar spinal stenosis, and lumbar spondylolisthesis with root symptom as the main disease are all suitable for intervertebral foramen surgery. In particular, some elderly patients with a variety of diseases can not have general anesthesia or open surgery, but can choose intervertebral foramen surgery. In addition, with the development of intervertebral foramen apparatus and technology, the indications of intervertebral foramen surgery are also expanding. At present, some patients with cervical spondylosis with thoracic spinal stenosis can also try intervertebral foramen surgery.

　　3.哪些病人不能进行椎间孔手术？

　　3. Which patients can't have intervertebral foramen surgery?

　　一般来说，腰椎不稳畸形患者不适合椎间孔手术。

　　In general, patients with lumbar instability are not suitable for foraminal surgery.

　　4.椎间孔镜手术前应做哪些准备？

　　4. What preparations should be made before the operation?

　　如果患者符合椎间孔内镜手术指征，术前应进行常规检查，包括血常规检查、生化检查、凝血功能检查和腰椎X线前后位、腰椎CT、磁共振成像。如有必要，应添加动态射线照片。一些老年患者还应接受心脏彩色多普勒超声、下肢血管超声、呼吸功能检查，以一些重要器官功能的问题。

　　If the patient meets the indications of endoscopic surgery, routine examination should be carried out before operation, including blood routine examination, biochemical examination, coagulation function examination, lumbar X-ray anteroposterior, lumbar CT and MRI. If necessary, dynamic radiographs should be added. Some elderly patients should also receive color Doppler echocardiography, lower extremity vascular ultrasound, respiratory function tests to eliminate some important organ function problems.

　　以上是关于椎间孔镜的介绍注意事项和术前准备，由内窥镜设备维修友情整理提供，想要了解更多，欢迎咨询网站官网http://www.jiangrenyiliao.cn。

　　The above is about the precautions and preparation of the intervertebral foramen, which is provided by the endoscope equipment maintenance. If you want to know more, please consult the website http://www.jiangrenyiliao.cn 。