The fault phenomena include dim images, blurred images, incomplete images, obvious deformation and defects of the mirror body caused by external forces, etc. The fault analysis and handling measures are as follows:

（1）图像暗淡。先检查冷光源和光纤是否正常，如果冷光源 灯泡累计使用时间已经到达 500 h，光纤有明显断裂或有明显暗点，都应及时更换。以上两部件没问题时，大多为内窥镜导光束 接头受到污染发黑、发黄，解决方法是清洗内窥镜传像系统。

(1) The image is dim. Firstly, check whether the cold light source and optical fiber are normal. If the cumulative use time of the cold light source bulb has reached 500 hours and there are obvious fractures or dark spots in the optical fiber, it should be replaced in a timely manner. When the above two components are fine, most of them are due to the contamination and yellowing of the endoscope guide beam connector. The solution is to clean the endoscope image transmission system.

（2）图像模糊。大多数情况下是因为长时间的使用，宝石保 护玻璃磨损老化引起，有时也因为物镜的密封性破坏造成，定期做好维护保养可以有效预防故障发生。

(2) Image blurring. In most cases, it is caused by long-term use, wear and aging of gemstone protective glass, and sometimes damage to the sealing of the objective lens. Regular maintenance can effectively prevent faults from occurring.

（3）图像不全。此故障多数是因内窥镜内部柱状透镜断裂或 崩边等引起，而人为的摔碰、撞击等是造成这种损害的主要原因，所在硬管内窥镜的使用、运输、消毒等过程中，需要轻拿轻放 并做好保护措施。

(3) The image is incomplete. This fault is mostly caused by the breakage or edge collapse of the cylindrical lens inside the endoscope, and the main cause of this damage is human collision and impact. During the use, transportation, disinfection, and other processes of the hard tube endoscope, it is necessary to handle it gently and take protective measures.

（4）因外力因素造成镜体明显变形、缺损。此种故障相对严重，一般会并发上述 3 种故障，甚至造成无图像输出。主要原因为： 操作人员使用钬激光、高频电刀、动力系统等设备时不慎打伤物 镜，造成前端缺损；操作镜子与鞘管连接时未对准位置，然后在调 整视野或插拔时用力过猛，造成变形；消毒灭菌时不慎撞击、摔碰 亦可造成。因此，加强操作人员规范化培训可以减少故障发生。

(4) Due to external forces, the mirror body undergoes significant deformation and defect. This type of fault is relatively serious, usually accompanied by the above three types of faults, and even resulting in no image output. The main reason is that the operator accidentally injured the objective lens when using equipment such as holmium laser, high-frequency electric knife, and power system, resulting in front-end defects; When operating the mirror and connecting the sheath tube, the position is not aligned, and then excessive force is applied when adjusting the field of view or plugging, resulting in deformation; Accidental impact or fall during disinfection and sterilization can also cause damage. Therefore, strengthening standardized training for operators can reduce the occurrence of faults.