The types of endoscopic malfunctions can be roughly divided into: ① natural aging or artificial malfunctions; ② Mechanical or electronic faults; ③ Static or dynamic faults; ④ Faults caused by the equipment itself or surrounding environment; ⑤ There are also faults that occur in multiple forms and cross over simultaneously.

造成内镜故障发生的因素

Factors that cause endoscopic malfunctions

可能归纳为三个主要因素：① 医护人员操作习惯，清洗消毒人员的习惯，病人的配合程度等；② 设备本身的特性，清洗消毒、配合诊治等相关设备情况；③ 使用环境、保管环境，还有重要的管理制度环境。

It may be summarized into three main factors: ① the operating habits of medical staff, the habits of cleaning and disinfecting personnel, and the degree of patient cooperation; ② The characteristics of the equipment itself, cleaning, disinfection, and coordination with diagnosis and treatment related equipment; ③ The usage environment, storage environment, and important management system environment.

故障判断的方法

Method of fault diagnosis

故障判断的方法包括：

The methods for fault diagnosis include:

①排除法：常规使用的基本方法、但必须对工作原理要非常了解；

① Exclusion method: A basic method for routine use, but one must have a thorough understanding of the working principle;

②跟台发现法：针对一些人为因素导致的故障使用中才发现；

② Follow the platform discovery method: only discover faults caused by human factors during use;

③点检检测法：针对未发现故障，排查潜在故障避免故障扩大及延变；

③ Spot check detection method: for undetected faults, identify potential faults to avoid fault expansion and extension;

④故障推理法：针对发现了问题，故障如何产生的；

④ Fault inference method: targeting the problem discovered and how the fault was generated;

⑤经验判断法：根据多年的工作经验积累进行总结及分析。

⑤ Empirical judgment method: Summarize and analyze based on years of work experience accumulation.

使用、清冼、消毒注意事项

Precautions for use, cleaning, and disinfection

使用、清洗、消毒注意事项：

Precautions for use, cleaning, and disinfection:

手术时严禁大力弯折或碰撞；

During surgery, it is strictly prohibited to bend or collide vigorously;

使用辅助治设备时要保证在视野内安全操作，当窥镜配合激光汽化、高频电切、微波等光电技术进行手术时，应注意窥镜前端与治疗点的距离，保证窥镜前端不被电击或烧灼；

When using auxiliary treatment equipment, it is necessary to ensure safe operation within the field of vision. When the endoscope is used in conjunction with optoelectronic technologies such as laser vaporization, high-frequency electrocision, and microwave for surgery, attention should be paid to the distance between the front end of the endoscope and the treatment point to ensure that the front end of the endoscope is not electrocuted or burned;

术中调整视野角度时需保护好镜子本身，镜子与鞘管链接时必须对准位置并用卡锁固定，不易过猛；

Protect the mirror itself when adjusting the visual field angle during operation. When connecting the mirror with the sheath, it must be aligned and fixed with a lock, which is not easy to be too violent;

建议单独存放避免与其它器械碰撞，必须轻取轻放以免碰撞镜子，镜子传像系统是玻璃柱体易碎；

It is recommended to store it separately to avoid collision with other instruments. It must be handled with care to avoid collision with the mirror. The mirror image transmission system is made of fragile glass columns;

建议手术前用温水浸泡，涂防雾油；

It is recommended to soak in warm water and apply anti fog oil before surgery;

在清洗和消毒的时候，建议把镜子和别的手术器械分开，用塑料盆清洗；

When cleaning and disinfecting, it is recommended to separate the mirror from other surgical instruments and use a plastic basin for cleaning;

消毒前要把镜头清洗干净，否则异物在消毒后积累在镜头上，以至影响图像质量。当镜头上异物过多时，可用棉签涂一些镜子附带的清洁剂在镜面上，然后用清水清洗干净；

Before disinfection, the lens should be cleaned thoroughly, otherwise foreign objects will accumulate on the lens after disinfection, which may affect image quality. When there are too many foreign objects on the lens, you can use a cotton swab to apply some of the cleaning agent that comes with the mirror to the mirror surface, and then clean it with clean water;

尽量不要频繁更换消毒灭菌方法，这样对镜子的密封有好处；

Try not to frequently change the disinfection and sterilization methods, as this is beneficial for the sealing of the mirror;

禁止用超声波清洗镜子，尽量不要用生理盐水清洗镜子，否则容易生锈迹；

It is prohibited to use ultrasound to clean mirrors, and it is recommended not to use physiological saline to clean mirrors, as this may cause rust;

当高温高压消毒完镜子后，一定要让镜子自然冷却，禁止用冷水冷却；

After high-temperature and high-pressure disinfection of the mirror, it is necessary to allow the mirror to cool naturally, and it is prohibited to use cold water for cooling;

所以的镜子浸泡消毒时间不能超过60分钟；

The soaking and disinfection time of all mirrors should not exceed 60 minutes;

高温高压消毒：建议尽量不要用高温高压消毒，但在紧急时也可以进行高温高压消毒。

High temperature and high pressure disinfection: It is recommended not to use high temperature and high pressure disinfection as much as possible, but high temperature and high pressure disinfection can also be carried out in emergency situations.

高温高压消毒的条件：建议控制高温高压消毒灭菌时间及充分的自然冷却。

Conditions for high-temperature and high-pressure disinfection: It is recommended to control the sterilization time of high-temperature and high-pressure disinfection and sufficient natural cooling.