基本系统组成：腹腔镜摄录像监视系统、CO2气腹系统、电切割系统、冲洗—吸引系统、手术器械等。

Basic system components: laparoscopic video surveillance system, CO2 pneumoperitoneum system, electric cutting system, flushing suction system, surgical instruments, etc.

腹腔镜摄录像监视系统由腹腔镜、光源及光路、微型摄像头、摄像转换器、监视器(电视机)、自动冷光源、录像机组成。腹腔镜常用的有0°和30°视角。直径为10mm、5mm、2.5mm各种规格器械。

The laparoscopic video surveillance system consists of a laparoscope, a light source and optical path, a miniature camera, a camera converter, a monitor (TV), an automatic cold light source, and a video recorder. Laparoscopy is commonly used with 0 ° and 30 ° viewing angles. Various sizes of instruments with diameters of 10mm, 5mm, and 2.5mm.

气腹系统

Pneumoperitoneum system

由弹簧气腹针(Veness针)、充气导管、气腹机和CO2钢瓶组成。其目的是为手术提供宽广的空间和视野。

It consists of a spring pneumoperitoneum needle, an inflation catheter, an pneumoperitoneum machine, and a CO2 steel cylinder. Its purpose is to provide a wide space and field of view for surgery.

预定手术所需的腹腔内压12-15mmHg及自动气腹机。

Reserve the required intra-abdominal pressure of 12-15mmHg and an automatic pneumoperitoneum machine for the surgery.

冲洗－吸收系统主要包括两个部分：

The flushing absorption system mainly consists of two parts:

冲洗：作用为观察与保护组织、防止粘连、止血、修复组织等。

Rinsing: Its function is to observe and protect tissues, prevent adhesions, stop bleeding, repair tissues, etc.

吸引：利用导管效应进行吸引，有时还要用滤过器。

Attraction: Using the catheter effect for attraction, sometimes even using a filter.

手术器械系统<胆囊切除基本器械：10mm套管针(trocar)2个，5mm套管针2个，10mm器械转换器1个，无损伤抓钳2把，弯解剖钳1把，气腹针、剪刀、钛夹钳、冲洗—吸引管、电凝分离铲、分离钩各1把。

Surgical instrument system<Basic instruments for cholecystectomy: 2 10mm trocars, 2 5mm trocars, 1 10mm instrument converter, 2 non-invasive grasping forceps, 1 curved dissecting forceps, 1 pneumoperitoneum needle, scissors, titanium clamp, flushing suction tube, electrocoagulation separation shovel, and separation hook.

特殊器械：胆道造影的造影管、持针钳、逢合针及套扎用的圈套器、取物网等。腹腔镜常见故障分析

Special instruments: contrast tubes for cholangiography, needle holding forceps, interlocking needles and snares for ligation, retrieval nets, etc. Analysis of common faults in laparoscopy

1.故障一：图像干扰

1. Fault 1: Image interference

主要反映在监视器上出现水平条状杂波，影像手术。

Mainly reflected in the appearance of horizontal stripe clutter on the monitor and imaging surgery.

有两种原因可造成故障。当手术过程中使用电刀时出现干扰，一般处于电磁干扰，是由于视频传输线的屏蔽不好所致，更换屏蔽效果好的视频传输线后故障即可排除。另外一种情况是干扰出现晃动摄像头时，此种干扰出现的原因是摄像头连线内部接触不良。接触不良导致图像干扰。此时更换摄像头连接线是可靠的维修手段。在特殊情况下，也可以逐段扭动，弯折连线，找到出现断点出现的大致部位，然后在X线下确定是那跟信号线出现断点，持续后故障也可排除。但这种发放维修后的摄像头连接线容易再次出现同样故障。

There are two reasons that can cause malfunctions. When using an electric knife during surgery, interference usually occurs due to electromagnetic interference, which is caused by poor shielding of the video transmission line. The fault can be eliminated by replacing the video transmission line with a better shielding effect. Another situation is interference when the camera shakes, and the reason for this interference is poor internal contact of the camera wiring. Poor contact leads to image interference. Replacing the camera connection cable at this time is a reliable repair method. In special circumstances, it is also possible to twist and bend the connecting line segment by segment, find the approximate location where the breakpoint appears, and then determine under X-ray which signal line has the breakpoint. If it continues, the fault can also be eliminated. But this type of repaired camera connection cable is prone to the same malfunction again.

2.故障二：冷光源灯泡不亮

2. Fault 2: The cold light source bulb does not light up

排除灯泡不亮的故障有两个可能原因。

There are two possible reasons for excluding the malfunction of the light bulb not turning on.

原因一：当更换灯泡后故障排除，说明灯泡已报废。目前冷光源都是氙气灯泡。氙气灯泡是消耗品，它的保证寿命是500h，冷光源的面板上已计时器，500h内灯泡出现的问题的概率极小，超过500h后冷光源的计时器出现闪烁提示。STORZ的氙气灯泡寿命较长，一般都会用到700h以上，但也不能一直用到灯泡不亮，以为氙气灯泡是高压激发气体灯泡，灯泡老化严重时需要多次高压激发才能发亮，这样就有可能造成冷光源高压模块过载损坏。合理地更换灯泡既可以减少成本也可以减少机器的故障，当灯泡被点亮时可以听到一声“啪”的激发声，激发3次才能点亮灯泡时，灯泡必须更换。

Reason 1: When the malfunction is resolved after replacing the bulb, it indicates that the bulb has been scrapped. Currently, all cold light sources are xenon bulbs. Xenon bulbs are consumables with a guaranteed lifespan of 500 hours. The panel of the cold light source has a timer, and the probability of bulb problems occurring within 500 hours is extremely low. After more than 500 hours, the timer of the cold light source will flash. STORZ's xenon bulbs have a longer lifespan, usually lasting for more than 700 hours, but they should not be used continuously as the bulbs do not light up. It is believed that xenon bulbs are high-pressure excitation gas bulbs, and when the bulbs age severely, multiple high-pressure excitations are required to light up, which may cause overload and damage to the high-voltage module of the cold light source. Reasonably replacing the light bulb can reduce both costs and machine malfunctions. When the light bulb is lit up, a "snap" excitation sound can be heard. When the light bulb can only be lit up three times, it must be replaced.

原因二：当跟换灯泡后依然不亮时，可以判断故障是由冷光源高压模块损坏造成的，只能更换高压模块。合理地更换灯泡及不在灯泡高压时激发灯泡可以防止高压模块损坏。

Reason 2: When the light bulb still does not light up after replacement, it can be determined that the fault is caused by damage to the cold light source high-voltage module, and only the high-voltage module can be replaced. Reasonably replacing the light bulb and not stimulating the light bulb when it is under high voltage can prevent damage to the high-voltage module.

3.故障三：气腹机液体污染

3. Fault three: Liquid contamination of the pneumoperitoneum machine

当气腹机内部进入液体被污染后气腹机出现故障代码E32，此时机器锁死不能工作。故障时由于气腹管内存在液体，倒流会对机器内部造成损坏的，排除故障时需要彻底排除及其内部的液体，然后用RS232连接线连接气腹机与电脑，用专用软件故障代码后气腹机可恢复正常。此故障出现时，为防止手术污染，机器立即锁死，手术不能正常进行，所以在使用中应极力避免。只要手术前彻底排干气腹管内的液体，同时升高气腹机的放置高度，此故障是完全可以避免的。

When the liquid inside the pneumoperitoneum machine is contaminated, the machine shows fault code E32, and the machine is locked and cannot work. Due to the presence of liquid in the pneumoperitoneum tube during the malfunction, backflow can cause damage to the internal parts of the machine. To troubleshoot, it is necessary to thoroughly eliminate the liquid inside the machine. Then, connect the pneumoperitoneum machine to the computer using an RS232 cable, and use specialized software to eliminate the fault code before the machine can return to normal. When this malfunction occurs, in order to prevent surgical contamination, the machine immediately locks and the surgery cannot proceed normally. Therefore, efforts should be made to avoid it during use. As long as the fluid inside the pneumoperitoneum tube is thoroughly drained before surgery and the placement height of the pneumoperitoneum machine is raised, this malfunction can be completely avoided.

腹腔镜维修常见故障：

Common faults in laparoscopic maintenance:

1、图像故障：模糊、进水、起雾、黑影、灰尘、位置不正；

1. Image faults: blurring, water ingress, fogging, black shadows, dust, and misalignment;

2、光束：发黄断丝、灼烧崩缺，亮度不够；

2. Beam: yellowing, broken wire, burning and missing, insufficient brightness;

3、镜管：弯曲、断裂、凹陷、脱落；

3. Mirror tube: bent, broken, dented, or detached;

4、物镜:脱胶、磨损、脱落；

4. Objective lens: delamination, wear and tear, detachment;

5、光锥：灼烧发黑、发黄、脱落缺失；

5. Light cone: burnt, blackened, yellowed, and missing;

6、物镜/目镜保护片：破裂、崩缺、脱落缺失；

6. Objective/eyepiece protective film: broken, chipped, detached or missing;

7、眼罩：破裂、崩缺、脱落；

7. Eye masks: ruptured, missing, or falling off;

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