Endoscopes can be divided into two categories according to the use scenarios: Industrial endoscopes and medical endoscopes. Medical endoscopes are indispensable diagnostic and surgical equipment in general surgery, ENT, Urology, orthopedics, gynecology and other departments, and are also one of the fast-growing products in the global medical device industry.

内窥镜背景介绍：

Background of endoscope:

内窥镜是一种常用的医疗器械，经人体的自然孔道或经手术做的小切口进入人体内，使用时将内窥镜导入预检查的器官，可直接窥视有关部位的变化。

Endoscope is a kind of commonly used medical instrument. It enters the human body through the natural orifice or small incision made by surgery. When it is used, the endoscope is introduced into the pre examined organ to directly observe the changes of the relevant parts.

内窥镜主要由三大系统组成，分别为窥镜系统、图像显示系统、照明系统。以目前较为常用的电子内窥镜为例，窥镜系统包括操作手柄和镜体，镜体伸入患者体内，镜体内部并列多个管道，包括照明光纤、传像光纤（电子内窥镜中是CCD视频线）、传气通道、传水通道、器械通道等，内窥镜精密度非常高，需要多个专业领域相互配合。

Endoscope is mainly composed of three systems: endoscope system, image display system and lighting system. Taking the electronic endoscope which is commonly used at present as an example, the endoscope system includes the operating handle and the mirror body. The mirror body extends into the patient's body, and there are several parallel pipes inside the mirror body, including lighting optical fiber, image transmission optical fiber (CCD video line in the electronic endoscope), air transmission channel, water transmission channel, instrument channel, etc. the precision of the endoscope is very high, which requires the cooperation of multiple professional fields.
                       

从历史的时间轴上看，通过成像系统的原理和软硬程度两个标准的不断进步，内窥镜的发展经历了硬管式内窥镜、半可屈式内窥镜、纤维内窥镜、电子内窥镜四个阶段。通俗上讲，硬管式内窥镜、半可屈式内窥镜定义为硬镜，纤维内窥镜和电子内窥镜由于可以自由弯曲，被称为软镜，临床应用范围也在不断扩大。

From the historical perspective, the development of endoscopy has experienced four stages: rigid tube endoscopy, semi flexible endoscopy, fiber endoscopy and electronic endoscopy. Generally speaking, rigid tube endoscopy and semi flexible endoscopy are defined as rigid endoscopy. Fiber endoscopy and electronic endoscopy are called soft endoscopy because they can bend freely, and the scope of clinical application is also expanding.

目前电子内窥镜临床应用分为诊断和治疗两个方面，诊断功能主要是临床医生通过内窥镜获得实时动态的内部图像，并且通过合适的器械取得组织进行体外检测；而治疗功能则需要配备专业的微创手术器具，进行特定的手术治疗。

At present, the clinical application of electronic endoscopy is divided into two aspects: diagnosis and treatment. The diagnosis function is mainly that clinicians obtain real-time dynamic internal images through endoscopy, and obtain tissues through appropriate instruments for in vitro detection; The treatment function needs to be equipped with professional minimally invasive surgical instruments for specific surgical treatment.

内窥镜主要的应用场景包括耳鼻喉、口腔、消化道、尿道膀胱、肾脏、关节、腹腔等器官或部位。

The main application scenarios of endoscopy include Otolaryngology, oral cavity, digestive tract, urethra, bladder, kidney, joint, abdominal cavity and other organs or parts.

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