纤维镜由纤维镜体和冷光源组成，镜体一般含目镜、手轮、钳道口、导光束接口、导光束、导像束，有些产品还含有送水（气）孔、闭孔器等。目前常见的有支气管纤维镜。
Fiberscope is composed of fiberscope body and cold light source. The lens body generally includes eyepiece, hand wheel, clamp port, guide beam interface, guide beam and image beam. Some products also include water (air) supply hole, obturator, etc. at present, bronchofiberscope is common.
纤维内窥镜由光学观察系统、照明传输系统和支架构件组成。光学观察系统由聚焦成像的物镜组、传输物镜组像的传/转像组和目视观察用的目镜或CCD转接镜构成；照明传输系统由混编排列的多束导光纤维构成；支架构件由支承并包裹前述系统并开有手术和/或冲洗孔道的医用金属和/或有机材料构成。
The fiber endoscope is composed of an optical observation system, an illumination transmission system and a support member. The optical observation system is composed of an objective lens group for focusing imaging, an image transmission / conversion group for transmitting the objective lens group image, and an eyepiece or CCD adapter lens for visual observation; The lighting transmission system is composed of multiple bundles of light guide fibers arranged in a mixed manner; The support member consists of medical metal and / or organic materials that support and wrap the aforementioned system and are provided with surgical and / or flushing channels.
纤维内窥镜与传统纯光学镜片构成的内窥镜或电子内窥镜的最大区别在于传/转像组采用了传像光纤，该传像光纤由多束导光纤维按照坐标对位原则面阵排列，每一根导光纤维作为面阵上一个像素在传像光纤两端的坐标位置一一对应。

The biggest difference between the fiber endoscope and the endoscope or electronic endoscope composed of traditional pure optical lenses is that the image transmission / conversion group adopts the image transmission optical fiber. The image transmission optical fiber is arranged by multiple bundles of light guide fibers according to the principle of coordinate alignment. Each light guide fiber, as an image element on the array, corresponds to the coordinate positions at both ends of the image transmission optical fiber one by one.
物镜将物体直接聚焦成像于光纤面阵上，光纤面阵上的每一像素（每一根导光纤维）分别接收对应位置像的光能，并将该光能传输至传像光纤的另一端发出，光纤面阵上的所有像素在像方端输出的全部光能重组了物镜的聚焦像，即达到了光纤传像目的。纤维内窥镜安全有效应用的关键性能是成像水平，除要求物镜有大视角、小畸变、高相对孔径和景深外，传像光纤质量是纤维内窥镜成像质量和水平的主要贡献，其中传像光纤的像素数是限制纤维内窥镜分辨极限的关键因素（对给定视场而言）。
The objective lens directly focuses the object on the optical fiber array, Each pixel on the fiber array (each optical fiber) respectively receives the light energy of the corresponding position image and transmits the light energy to the other end of the image transmission optical fiber. All the light energy output by all pixels on the optical fiber array at the image side reorganizes the focused image of the objective lens, that is, the purpose of optical fiber image transmission is achieved. The key performance of the safe and effective application of fiber endoscope is the imaging level, except that the objective lens is required to have a large viewing angle and a small viewing angle In addition to distortion, high relative aperture and depth of field, the quality of image transmission fiber is the main contribution to the imaging quality and level of fiber endoscope. The number of pixels of image transmission fiber is the key factor limiting the resolution limit of fiber endoscope (for a given field of view).
高像素数传像光纤的制作，涉及单光纤芯直径制造能力和成型技术。这类制造工艺有：酸洗法、热溶法等，排列工艺有：单层合片法、自动补偿法、斜面溜丝法等，目前传像光纤最小芯径不足5微米。其他如单光纤一致性质量、面形处理等也限制了传像光纤的质量。
The manufacture of high pixel digital image transmission optical fiber relates to the manufacturing capacity and forming technology of single optical fiber core diameter. Such manufacturing processes include pickling method, hot-melt method, etc. the arrangement processes include single-layer lamination method, automatic compensation method, inclined wire sliding method, etc. at present, the minimum core diameter of image transmission optical fiber is less than 5 microns. Others, such as single fiber consistency quality and surface treatment, also limit the quality of image transmission fiber.