内窥镜是集传统光学、人体工程学、精密机械、现代电子等于一体的检测仪器，可以经口腔进入胃内或经其他天然孔道进入体内。相对于超声成像、X线检查等影像成像，内窥镜可直接观察病变，且亮度大、视野清晰、盲区少，用途日益扩大。现阶段，消化内窥镜检查已经越来越普及，内窥镜也随着技术的不断发展而变得越来越精密。使用及维护人员必须熟悉其基本构造及各部件的性能，正确地维护、保养，防止故障发生，故障发生时及时处理，防止故障的扩大化。现介绍内窥镜使用中的维护保养要点，及一些常见故障的处理方法。

Endoscope is a detection instrument that integrates traditional optics, ergonomics, precision machinery, and modern electronics. It can enter the stomach through the oral cavity or enter the body through other natural channels. Compared to imaging such as ultrasound imaging and X-ray examination, endoscopy can directly observe lesions, with high brightness, clear field of view, and fewer blind spots, making its use increasingly expanding. At present, digestive endoscopy has become increasingly popular, and endoscopes have become more and more precise with the continuous development of technology. Users and maintenance personnel must be familiar with its basic structure and the performance of each component, maintain and upkeep it correctly, prevent faults from occurring, promptly handle faults when they occur, and prevent the expansion of faults. This article introduces the maintenance points during the use of endoscopes, as well as some common troubleshooting methods.

在使用前进行准备与检查是保证内窥镜正常使用的重要条件。从柜中取内窥镜时，应一手拿操作部，一手拿导光插头部和插入部，避免前端自由摆动，造成插入部或者导光插头部与镜柜等物发生碰撞，引起弯曲外皮的破裂、先端玻璃盖的破裂或者导光束的断裂等故障。送气送水管路及吸引管路确保通畅，大小旋钮处于自然状态，控制旋钮确认弯曲部角度是否合乎要求，以及卡锁功能是否正常。送气送水按钮、吸引按钮在干燥后涂少许硅油再按在内窥镜上，从而使按钮使用时更灵活，避免按钮按下去之后无法弹出。用乙醇纱布顺着喷嘴方向擦拭镜头，开机看光线亮度、图像清晰度及颜色，必要时做白平衡。

Preparation and examination before use are important conditions to ensure the normal use of the endoscope. When taking the endoscope from the disinfection cabinet, one hand should hold the operating part and the other hand should hold the light guide plug and insertion part to avoid free swinging of the front end, which may cause collision between the insertion part or light guide plug head and the mirror cabinet or other objects, resulting in bent outer skin rupture, broken glass cover at the front end, or broken light guide beam. Ensure unobstructed air and water supply pipelines as well as suction pipelines, with the size knobs in their natural state. Control the knobs to confirm whether the bending angle meets the requirements and whether the locking function is normal. After disinfection and drying, apply a little silicone oil to the air and water supply buttons and suction buttons before pressing them onto the endoscope, making them more flexible to use and avoiding the inability to pop out after pressing them down. Wipe the lens with ethanol gauze in the direction of the nozzle, turn it on to check the brightness of the light, image clarity, and color, and if necessary, perform white balance.

使用时注意事项

Precautions during use

操作中蛇管应呈弧形弯曲，不可形成直角，以免镜身打弯过甚而致像束折断，转角动作不要太快，用力不要过猛，如转角过猛易使钢丝拉长，镜头转角不能达到设计角度，易折断，使角度失灵。止血夹等附件在进出时要保证夹子处于闭合状态，避免张开角度导致在进出时破坏钳道管；在抽出时保证与钳道口处于垂直状态，避免与钳道口摩擦造成钳道口（吸引座）的磨损。

During operation, the snake tube should be curved in an arc shape and not form a right angle to prevent the mirror body from bending too much and even causing the image beam to break. The turning action should not be too fast, and the force should not be too strong. If the turning angle is too strong, it can easily cause the steel wire to elongate, and the lens angle cannot reach the design angle, which can easily break and cause the angle to malfunction. During the entry and exit of hemostatic clips and other therapeutic accessories, it is necessary to ensure that the clips are in a closed state to avoid damaging the forceps tube due to the opening angle; Ensure that it is perpendicular to the clamp opening during extraction to avoid friction and wear on the clamp opening (suction seat).

使用后维护保养

Post use maintenance

拔出内窥镜后，立即用纱布蘸上洗涤液或多酶洗液擦拭插入部，拔下送气、送水按钮并放入洗涤液中，插入清洗专用按钮，来回送气送水，按下吸引按钮座，来回吸引洗涤液与空气。防止黏液干燥后难以，同时点检内窥镜的外观。内窥镜在入水前一定要戴上防水帽，并认真检查防水帽是否盖紧。防水帽要时刻确保处于干燥状态，避免引起电气接口潮湿使 EL 座接点腐蚀。手工清洗时要确认清洗工具没有脏污，没有磨损的划痕、裂缝、扭曲、金属与刷毛脱落等情况，避免对内窥镜造成破损，清洁刷应保持平直，避免与按钮安装座产生摩擦。当天检查结束后应进行漏水检测，在水中测漏时不可安装或拆除测漏器连接接口，避免内窥镜进水，造成损坏，测漏结束后应充分排除镜中气体，避免弯曲外皮损坏。检测完毕，须用压缩空气将活检孔、吸引孔、送气送水等管腔吹干，特别是电气接点上的水分，然后垂直悬挂在干燥、温度适中的地方，否则残留的水分会使空气中的细菌在内窥镜内外繁殖，造成污染。

After removing the endoscope, immediately wipe the insertion part with gauze dipped in detergent or multi enzyme detergent, unplug the air and water supply buttons and put them into the detergent, insert the cleaning special button, send air and water back and forth, press the suction button seat to attract the detergent and air back and forth. Prevent mucus from becoming difficult to remove after drying, and also inspect the appearance of the endoscope. Before entering the water, be sure to wear a waterproof cap on the endoscope and carefully check if the cap is tightly covered. The waterproof cap should always be kept in a dry state to avoid causing electrical interface moisture and corrosion of the EL socket contacts. When manually cleaning, it is necessary to ensure that the cleaning tool is free of dirt, scratches, cracks, twisting, metal and brush bristles falling off, etc. to avoid damage to the endoscope. The cleaning brush should be kept straight to avoid friction with the button mounting seat. After the inspection on the same day, a leak detection should be carried out. When conducting leak detection in water, the connection interface of the leak detector should not be installed or removed to avoid water ingress and damage to the endoscope. After the leak detection is completed, the gas in the endoscope should be fully discharged to avoid bending and damaging the outer skin. After the detection is completed, compressed air must be used to blow dry the biopsy holes, suction holes, air and water supply cavities, especially the moisture on the electrical contacts, and then hang vertically in a dry and moderate temperature place. Otherwise, residual moisture will cause bacteria in the air to multiply inside and outside the endoscope, causing pollution.

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