在日常的维修工作中，医用内窥镜系统故障时有发生，常见故障主要分为图像显示故障、内窥镜故障、其他配套设备和器械故障。

In daily maintenance work, medical endoscope system failures often occur, and common failures are mainly divided into image display failures, endoscope failures, and other supporting equipment and instrument failures.

图像显示故障

Image display failure

图像显示故障主要包括图像异常显示和监视器无图像。

Image display faults mainly include abnormal image display and no image on the monitor.

（1） 图像异常显示

(1) Abnormal image display

故障现象为监视器有图像输出，但图像出现水平或垂直彩色条纹干扰、彩色雪花状闪烁等，故障分析及处理如下：

The fault phenomenon is that the monitor has image output, but the image shows horizontal or vertical color stripe interference, color snowflake flickering, etc. The fault analysis and handling are as follows:

，因检查高清摄像头手柄和电缆的连接点，此连接点在使用过程中反复弯曲和拉扯容易造成电缆损坏，图像会出现水平或垂直彩色条纹，方法是更换连接线。

Firstly, due to the inspection of the connection point between the high-definition camera handle and cable, repeated bending and pulling during use can easily cause cable damage, resulting in horizontal or vertical color stripes in the image. The solution is to replace the connection line.

其次，电缆线与主机相连的插头经过反复插拔或操作不当，容易出现老化腐蚀，造成接触不良、图像也会出此种故障，应对措施是加强规范性操作培训和定期维护保养。由于手术室内的电气化设备越来越多，特别是电刀等高频高电流设备的应用，可能产生较小的信号干扰。尤其当电凝棒、电刀笔或连接线等器械出现漏电时，会出现每次用脚踏开关启动电凝或电切，显示器图像就完全变成彩色雪花状闪烁，松开脚踏停止输出后图像恢复正常。像这样的情况，需要立刻更换一套完好电刀设备，先保证手术顺利完成。同时把漏电的电凝棒、电刀笔或连接线等器械进行检测，及时修理或更换。

Secondly, the plug connecting the cable to the host is prone to aging and corrosion after repeated insertion and removal or improper operation, resulting in poor contact and similar faults in the image. The response measures are to strengthen standardized operation training and regular maintenance. Due to the increasing number of electrified equipment in the operating room, especially the application of high-frequency and high current equipment such as electric knives, small signal interference may occur. Especially when there is electrical leakage in instruments such as electrocoagulation rods, electric knives, pens, or connecting wires, every time the foot switch is used to start electrocoagulation or electrocoagulation, the display image will completely turn into a colorful snowflake like flashing. After releasing the foot switch to stop outputting, the image will return to normal. In situations like this, it is necessary to immediately replace a set of intact electric knife equipment to ensure the smooth completion of the surgery. At the same time, detect and promptly repair or replace the leaking electric coagulation rod, electric knife pen, or connecting wire.

（2）监视器无图像

(2) Monitor has no image

故障现象主要是监视器无图像输出，可以分为两种：一种为监视器呈黑屏状态，无图像，无内窥镜视野框；另一种为监视器有内窥镜视野框，但无图像。

The main fault phenomenon is that the monitor has no image output, which can be divided into two types: one is that the monitor is in a black screen state, with no image or endoscope field of view frame; Another type is that the monitor has an endoscopic field of view frame but no image.

、针对种故障现象，一般会考虑是否为监视器本身故障或信号输入故障造成。现在的监视器多为高清液晶显示器，对监视器进行检查时，需测量外置 12 V 直流电源适配器是否正常供电，若无正常供电，及时更换适配器；若正常，重启设备，观察开机自检画面是否正常，如果自检不通过则可送代理商进行维修。现在的医用高清液晶显示器技术成熟、质量可靠，一般故障率很低，出现无图像现象的故障绝大多数是由于信号输入故障造成的。此时，应从简单的操作入手，先检查液晶显示 器的信号输入模式是否设置正确，常用信号输入模式有 DVI、 HDMI、S-Video、SDI 等格式，然后查看信号传输电缆的种类及 其在显示器上的接入端口种类名称来确定输入模式，检查显示 器输入菜单中的信号格式是否设置成相同，若不同则重新设置 后故障大多数可。反之，则需要沿着信号传输路径反向检 查，查看摄像机主机与监视器之间的信号传输电缆是否脱落或 损坏，检查摄像机主机和摄像头是否正常工作，如果上述设备出 现故障，则需要及时更换备用部件并进行的维修。

Regarding the first fault phenomenon, it is generally considered whether it is caused by a malfunction of the monitor itself or a signal input malfunction. Nowadays, most monitors are high-definition LCD displays. When inspecting monitors, it is necessary to measure whether the external 12V DC power adapter is supplying power normally. If there is no normal power supply, replace the adapter in a timely manner; If it is normal, restart the device and observe whether the power on self-test screen is normal. If the self-test fails, it can be sent to a professional agent for repair. The current medical high-definition LCD display technology is mature and reliable in quality, with a generally low failure rate. The vast majority of failures without image phenomenon are caused by signal input faults. At this point, a simple operation should be started. First, check whether the signal input mode of the LCD display is set correctly. Common signal input modes include DVI, HDMI, S-Video, SDI, etc. Then, check the type of signal transmission cable and the name of the port connected to the display to determine the input mode. Check whether the signal format in the display input menu is set to the same, If different, most of the faults can be eliminated after resetting. On the contrary, it is necessary to check the signal transmission path in the opposite direction, check whether the signal transmission cable between the camera host and the monitor is loose or damaged, and check whether the camera host and the camera are working properly. If the above equipment malfunctions, it is necessary to replace spare parts in a timely manner and carry out professional maintenance.

、针对第二种故障现象，应当优先考虑的是内窥镜镜子自身出现问题，比如各种电子软镜因为漏水，液体进入 CCD，造成 CDD 底座腐蚀、严重时 CCD 损坏、无图像输出。而硬镜出现弯折变形、物镜碎裂等问题时，也会造成无图像故障。这些问题主要由于诊察和手术中以及中的不规范操作造成。例如，泌尿外科手术中使用钬激光时，操作光纤不到位，击穿了镜子管路；硬镜物镜被高频电刀电击，或被动力系统工作部误撞，造成物 镜碎裂；或者时不慎摔碰造成损坏等。由于自身维修技术和设备等限制，出现上述故障的内窥镜大多数需要外送的维修公司，费时费钱。所以，规范操作十分必要，对操作人员要定期进行严格的培训和考核，以减少此类故障的发生。

For the second type of malfunction, priority should be given to problems with the endoscope mirror itself, such as various electronic soft mirrors leaking water and liquid entering the CCD, causing corrosion of the CDD base, severe CCD damage, and no image output. When the hard mirror experiences bending deformation, objective lens fragmentation, and other problems, it can also cause no image failure. These problems are mainly caused by non-standard operations in diagnosis, surgical treatment, and sterilization and disinfection. For example, when using holmium laser in urological surgery, the fiber optic cable is not in place and the mirror tube is punctured; The hard lens objective is electrocuted by a high-frequency electric knife or accidentally hit by the power system working part, causing the objective to shatter; Or damage caused by accidental falls or collisions during disinfection and sterilization. Due to limitations in maintenance techniques and equipment, most endoscopes with the aforementioned malfunctions require outsourcing to professional repair companies, which is time-consuming and costly. Therefore, standardized operation is essential, and operators should receive regular and strict training and assessment to reduce the occurrence of such faults.

三、内窥镜故障

3、 Endoscope malfunction

内窥镜故障主要分为硬管内窥镜故障和电子软镜故障两大类。硬管内窥镜因其结构和使用特性，故障现象主要以图像性质改变呈现出来，表现有图像暗淡、图像模糊、图像不全、部分为因外力因素造成镜体明显的变形、缺损等；电子软镜故障主要表现为漏水、水气堵塞、角钮虚位并弯曲角度不足、图像偏暗等。

Endoscopic malfunctions are mainly divided into two categories: hard tube endoscopic malfunctions and electronic soft endoscope malfunctions. Due to its structure and usage characteristics, the failure phenomena of hard tube endoscopes are mainly manifested by changes in image properties, such as dim images, blurred images, incomplete images, and obvious deformation and defects of the endoscope body caused by external forces; The main manifestations of electronic soft mirror faults are water leakage, water vapor blockage, insufficient bending angle of corner buttons, and dark images.

（1） 硬管内窥镜故障

(1) Hard tube endoscope malfunction

故障现象有图像暗淡、图像模糊、图像不全、因外力因素造成镜体明显变形、缺损等，故障分析及处理措施如下：

The fault phenomena include dim images, blurred images, incomplete images, obvious deformation and defects of the mirror body caused by external forces. The fault analysis and handling measures are as follows:

图像暗淡.先检查冷光源和光纤是否正常，如果冷光源灯泡累计使用时间已经到达500 h，光纤有明显断裂或有明显暗点，都应及时更换。以上两部件没问题时，大多为内窥镜导光束接头受到污染发黑、发黄，方法是清洗内窥镜传像系统

The image is dim. First, check if the cold light source and fiber optic are normal. If the cold light source bulb has been used for 500 hours and there are obvious fractures or dark spots in the fiber optic, it should be replaced in a timely manner. When there are no issues with the above two components, most of them are due to contamination, blackening, and yellowing of the endoscope beam connector. The solution is to clean the endoscope imaging system

图像模糊.大多数情况下是因为长时间的使用，宝石保护玻璃磨损老化引起，有时也因为物镜的密封性破坏造成，定期做好维护保养可以有效预防故障发生。

Image blurring. In most cases, it is caused by long-term use, wear and aging of the gemstone protective glass, and sometimes damage to the sealing of the objective lens. Regular maintenance can effectively prevent malfunctions from occurring.

图像不全.此故障多数是因内窥镜内部柱状透镜断裂或 崩边等引起，而人为的摔碰、撞击等是造成这种损害的主要原因，所在硬管内窥镜的使用、运输、等过程中，需要轻拿轻放并做好保护措施。

Incomplete image. This fault is mostly caused by the breakage or edge collapse of the cylindrical lens inside the endoscope, and human impact is the main cause of this damage. During the use, transportation, disinfection, and other processes of the hard tube endoscope, it is necessary to handle it with care and take protective measures.

因外力因素造成镜体明显变形、缺损。此种故障相对严重，一般会并发上述 3 种故障，甚造成无图像输出。主要原因为： 操作人员使用钬激光、高频电刀、动力系统等设备时不慎打伤物镜，造成前端缺损；操作镜子与鞘管连接时未对准位置，然后在调整视野或插拔时用力过猛，造成变形；时不慎撞击、摔碰亦可造成。因此，加强操作人员规范化培训可以减少故障发生。

Due to external forces, the mirror body undergoes significant deformation and defects. This type of fault is relatively serious, usually accompanied by the above three types of faults, and even results in no image output. The main reason is that the operator accidentally injured the objective lens while using equipment such as holmium laser, high-frequency electric knife, and power system, resulting in front-end defects; Improper alignment of the mirror and sheath during operation, and excessive force during adjustment of the field of view or insertion and removal, resulting in deformation; Accidental impact or fall during disinfection and sterilization can also cause damage. Therefore, strengthening standardized training for operators can reduce the occurrence of faults.

电子软镜故障

Electronic soft mirror malfunction

故障现象有漏水、水气堵塞、角钮虚位并弯曲角度不足、图像偏暗等。故障分析及处理如下：

The fault symptoms include water leakage, water vapor blockage, missing and insufficient bending angle of the corner knob, and dark image. The fault analysis and handling are as follows:

漏水。电子软镜故障以漏水为常见，泄漏点可出现在很多部位：弯曲橡皮处因老化、划痕、戳刺等破损出现针孔漏水； 插入管因老化、划伤等破损出现漏水；钳道管磨损、刺破漏水；角度旋钮处密封圈老化漏水；按钮老化破损漏水等。简单有效的应对和处理方法是做好测漏，这样可以及时发现漏水故障和漏水部位，停用镜子并马上进行维修，避免故障进一步扩大。

Leakage. The common malfunction of electronic soft mirrors is water leakage, which can occur in many parts: needle hole leakage occurs at the bent rubber due to aging, scratches, punctures, and other damages; The insertion tube leaks due to aging, scratches, and other damages; Wear, puncture, and leakage of the clamp pipe; The sealing ring at the angle knob is aging and leaking water; Button aging, damage, water leakage, etc. A simple and effective response and handling method is to do a good job of leak detection, which can timely detect water leakage faults and areas, stop using the mirror and immediately carry out maintenance to avoid further expansion of the problem.

水气堵塞。水气堵塞故障时有发生，特别以肠镜为主。大多因为先端水气喷嘴被污物堵塞引起，用正确的方法卸下喷嘴，裁剪细长 X 光胶片，用 X 光胶片拉扯穿过喷嘴数次来里面污物，有时还需要用水枪、气枪对气水管路进行冲洗数次。

Water vapor blockage. Water vapor blockage faults often occur, especially with colonoscopy. Most of the time, it is caused by the blockage of the water and gas nozzle at the front end by dirt. Remove the nozzle using the correct method, cut the thin and long X-ray film, and use the X-ray film to pull through the nozzle several times to remove the dirt inside. Sometimes, it is also necessary to rinse the air and water pipeline several times with a water gun or air gun.

角钮虚位并弯曲角度不足。因为长时间的使用，角度钢丝会出现老化变松，牵拉位置变化，造成调节角度时，一开始旋转角钮没有角度变化，出现虚位同时还会造成弯曲角度不足。不规范操作是此类故障发生的重要原因，如调节角度时用力过猛过快或角度到达限位后仍然强行调节，严重时会出现钢丝断开。定期对操作人员开展规范化操作培训和对镜子进行维护保养是重要的预防应对方法。

The corner button is missing and the bending angle is insufficient. Due to long-term use, the angle steel wire will age and become loose, and the pulling position will change. When adjusting the angle, the initial rotation of the angle knob will not change the angle, resulting in a virtual position and insufficient bending angle. Unstandardized operation is an important cause of such faults, such as excessive or rapid force when adjusting the angle, or forcefully adjusting the angle even after reaching the limit, which can lead to wire breakage in severe cases. Regular standardized operation training for operators and maintenance of mirrors are important preventive measures.

图像偏暗。检查冷光源的亮度、内镜导光束情况、监视器亮度及对比度的设置。灯泡达到使用累计时间、导光束出现老化 断裂后需要及时更换，监视器亮度及对比度设置好后无需改变。

The image is dark. Check the brightness of the cold light source, the condition of the endoscopic guide beam, and the setting of the monitor brightness and contrast. The light bulb needs to be replaced in a timely manner after reaching its cumulative usage time and the guide beam has aged and broken. After setting the brightness and contrast of the monitor, there is no need to change it.

其他常见的配套设备和器械故障

Other common malfunctions of supporting equipment and instruments

气腹机故障，主要为压力错误和流量不正确报警，前者是设备内部高低压阀故障造成，更换压力传感器或更换受到油污染的隔膜垫后可以；后者是气体流量传感器出现偏差或损坏造成，可以对出现偏差的流量传感器进行校准或更换新的流量传感器来。

The main faults of the pneumoperitoneum machine are pressure errors and incorrect flow rate alarms. The former is caused by internal high and low pressure valve failures, which can be solved by replacing the pressure sensor or replacing the diaphragm pad contaminated with oil; The latter is caused by deviation or damage to the gas flow sensor, which can be calibrated or replaced with a new flow sensor to solve the problem.

动力系统故障，主要为输出动力不足或无输出故障，大多数是动力手柄内电机和传动轴承老化磨损或手柄电缆线损坏 造成的，做好时的防护和定期的维护保养可以预防此类故障发生。

Power system failures are mainly caused by insufficient or no output power, and most of them are caused by aging and wear of the motor and transmission bearings inside the power handle, or damage to the handle cables. Proper protection during disinfection and sterilization, as well as regular maintenance, can prevent such failures from occurring.

高频电刀故障，主要有脚踏开关无反应、连接线断、电刀漏电等，做好定期维护检测可以减少此类故障发生。

High frequency electric knife faults mainly include unresponsive foot switches, broken connecting wires, and electric knife leakage. Regular maintenance and testing can reduce the occurrence of such faults.