用来直接观察人体器官内部腔体的医疗装置称为内窥镜。内窥镜一般由摄像、冷光源、主机、显示器、导光束等结构及针对不同部位的镜头组成。内窥镜经人体的天然孔道或经小切口进入人体内，通过CCD采集并逐级处理后在外部显示器成像，多用于人体器官或组织的检查及手术。

The medical device used to directly observe the internal cavities of human organs is called an endoscope. Endoscopes are generally composed of cameras, cold light sources, hosts, displays, guiding beams, and other structures, as well as lenses for different parts. Endoscopes enter the human body through natural pores or small incisions, are collected and processed by CCD, and then imaged on external displays. They are often used for examination and surgical treatment of human organs or tissues.

按其发展及成像构造分类：可大体分为3大类：硬管式内窥镜、纤维内窥镜和电子内窥镜。

According to its development and imaging structure, it can be broadly divided into three categories: rigid tube endoscopes, fiber endoscopes, and electronic endoscopes.

硬管式内窥镜

Rigid tube endoscope

硬管式内窥镜包括传像、照明、工作通道三大部分。传像部分分为物镜、中继系统、目镜组成传导图像。照明部分采用冷光源用光导纤维穿入境内的方法。工作通道作用为送气、送水、通活检钳。硬性内窥镜产品有喉镜、鼻窦镜、膀胱镜、子宫镜、直肠镜等，狼牌(WOLF)、史托斯(STORZ)硬性镜市场做的，还有很多硬性镜，竞争激烈。

A rigid tube endoscope includes three main parts: image transmission, lighting, and working channels. The transmission part consists of an objective lens, a relay system, and an eyepiece to transmit images. The lighting part adopts the method of using cold light sources and optical fibers to penetrate the territory. The function of the working channel is to supply air, water, and biopsy forceps. Hard endoscope products include laryngoscopes, sinusoscopes, cystoscopes, hysteroscopes, rectoscopes, etc. WOLF and STORZ are the best in the hard endoscope market, and there are also many brands of hard endoscopes, with fierce competition.

喉镜、鼻窦镜、羊水镜由外镜管、光导束、内镜管、光学系统、镜体、光导束接口、目端接管、目镜罩等组成。

Laryngoscopes, sinusoscopes, and amnioscopes are composed of an external tube, a light guide beam, an endoscopic tube, an optical system, a lens body, a light guide beam interface, an eyepiece connector, and an eyepiece cover.

膀胱镜由光学内窥镜、操作器、镜鞘、窥镜桥等组成。

The cystoscope consists of an optical endoscope, an operator, a sheath, and a bridge.

子宫镜一种由22°角外镜管、光导束、内镜管、光学系统、镜体、光导束接口、目端接管、目镜罩、输液管、操作管、限位器、宫颈塞等组成；另一种由内窥镜体、操作器、鞘套组成。

Hysteroscopy is composed of a 22 ° angle external endoscope tube, a light guide beam, an endoscope tube, an optical system, a lens body, a light guide beam interface, an eyepiece connector, an eyepiece cover, an infusion tube, an operating tube, a limiter, a cervical plug, etc; Another type is composed of an endoscope body, an operator, and a sheath.

直肠镜一种是带有光学系统的内窥镜，由闭孔器、窥视管、手柄、镜盘、注气嘴、光导束接口等组成；另一种是没有光学系统的内窥镜，只有内外窥视管，中间装有照明光导束，带有手柄、镜盘、注气嘴、光导束接口等组成的直肠镜。

Rectoscopy is an endoscope with an optical system, consisting of a obturator, a viewing tube, a handle, a disc, an air nozzle, and an optical beam interface; Another type is an endoscope without an optical system, consisting only of an inner and outer endoscope tube, with an illuminated light guide beam in the middle, and a rectal endoscope composed of a handle, a mirror disc, an air injection nozzle, and a light guide beam interface.

纤维内窥镜

Fiber endoscope

用纤维光束传像和导光或用CCD传导图像的内窥镜成为纤维内窥镜。由于它具有良好的柔软性和方便的操作性能，在医学上得到了广泛的应用。目前产品有胃镜、十二指肠镜、结肠镜、胆道镜、小肠镜、支气管镜、输尿管镜等。

Endoscopes that transmit images and guide light using fiber beams or transmit images using CCD become fiber endoscopes. Due to its excellent flexibility and convenient operational performance, it has been widely used in medicine. At present, our products include gastroscopy, duodenoscopy, colonoscopy, choledochoscopy, enteroscopy, bronchoscopy, ureteroscopy, etc.

纤维内窥镜一般由目镜、手轮（软性或半硬性）、钳道口、导光束接口、导像束、导光束组成，有些产品还包括送水（气）孔、闭孔器等。

Fiber endoscopes are generally composed of an eyepiece, a handwheel (soft or semi hard), a clamp port, a guide beam interface, a guide image beam, and a guide beam. Some products also include water (air) holes, closers, etc.

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